Grades 9 to 12

Other Pennsylvania Personal Finance sets

• Kindergarten to Grade 2
• Grades 3 to 5
• Grades 6 to 8

Explain various types of income (e.g., earned, unearned, passive, active) and their sources (e.g., work, rentals, investments, government programs).17.2.9-12.A

Describe sources of retirement income and how they relate to individual investment choices, employer-sponsored retirement plans, and government programs17.2.9-12.B

Use data to support an individual's decision to obtain or forgo post-secondary education based on the associated costs and anticipated future income.17.2.9-12.C

Research options to pay for education and training, ways to reduce the total cost, and steps needed to obtain financial aid.17.2.9-12.D

Evaluate the impacts of technology, labor markets, and economic conditions and trends on a person's employment potential.17.2.9-12.E

Explain the impact of employee benefits (e.g., health insurance, retirement savings plans, education reimbursement programs) on an individual's finances. 17.2.9-12.F

Analyze the financial impact of a person's decision to own a business, work as an independent contractor, or be employed.17.2.9-12.G

Calculate the impact of taxes and payroll deductions on income.17.2.9-12.H

Complete various federal, state, and local tax forms.17.2.9-12.I

Develop a process for making informed spending decisions, including factors to consider (e.g., product features, price, durability, environmental or societal impact, reliability of information).17.3.9-12.A

Compare ways people can lower the price they pay for goods and services (e.g., online tools, discount retailers, negotiating, secondhand items).17.3.9-12.B

Develop a personal approach to keeping track of income and spending.17.3.9-12.C

Evaluate various budgeting approaches (e.g., 50-30-20, zero-based) and methods (e.g., envelope system, spreadsheets, online tools).17.3.9-12.D

Create a personal budget to allocate current or future income, including estimates for fixed and variable expenses.17.3.9-12.E

Identify methods for adjusting a budget for unexpected expenses or loss of income.17.3.9-12.F

Compare the effects of using various payment methods when making purchases. 17.3.9-12.G

Compare various approaches to paying bills, including making automated payments and ensuring bills are paid on time.17.3.9-12.H

Describe the impact of technology on payment methods and how it influences spending. 17.3.9-12.I

Analyze a housing decision, including comparing renting and buying, upfront and ongoing costs, and the process of obtaining a mortgage or a lease.17.3.9-12.J

Justify the purchase or lease of a vehicle and the alternatives considered (e.g., new versus used, total cost of ownership or use).17.3.9-12.K

Analyze the impact of paying sales, excise, and property taxes on financial decisions. 17.3.9-12.L

Justify a decision to participate in or forgo a fundraising effort based on the organization and cause.17.3.9-12.M

Calculate a person's net worth given their assets and liabilities.17.4.9-12.A

Develop a savings plan for accomplishing personal shortand long-term financial goals. 17.4.9-12.B

Compare the features of various savings vehicles (e.g., savings accounts, certificates of deposit, money market accounts) and the interest rates offered by several institutions.17.4.9-12.C

Explain factors that contribute to rates of return for various investments, including risk, inflation, and taxes.17.4.9-12.D

Explain the similarities and differences between stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and exchange-traded funds, and the factors that influence price fluctuations for each.17.4.9-12.E

Describe factors to consider when selecting sources of investment advice and trading methods (e.g., online trading platforms, financial advisors, robo-advisors).17.4.9-12.F

Explain how popular benchmark indices are used.17.4.9-12.G

Recommend an investment portfolio diversified to meet specific goals, including purpose, starting age, time horizon, and tolerance for risk.17.4.9-12.H

Compare retirement-specific investment options, including employer-sponsored plans, Roth and traditional individual retirement accounts, and accounts available to people who are self-employed.17.4.9-12.I

Analyze personal attitudes towards risk and how these might impact future investment decisions and outcomes.17.4.9-12.J

Describe methods to avoid or counteract the potentially negative impacts of behavioral biases on investment decisions.17.4.9-12.K

Evaluate a person's potential for financial risk (e.g., loss of personal property,17.5.9-12.A

Critique approaches to avoiding, reducing, retaining, and transferring risk given a particular scenario.17.5.9-12.B

Formulate insurance recommendations based on individual needs, situations, and preferences, including but not limited to automotive, homeowners, renters, health, life, and disability, as justified. 17.5.9-12.C

Use information from various sources to compare insurance providers, plans, and prices.17.5.9-12.D

Formulate a process of comparing insurance products, determining out-of-pocket costs, and filing claims.17.5.9-12.E

Describe circumstances in which a person may be required to show proof of insurance or obtain a minimum amount of coverage. 17.5.9-12.F

Evaluate the impact of public insurance programs for individuals facing financial hardship (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid, and unemployment).17.5.9-12.G

Analyze trends in financial fraud and strategies to avoid becoming a victim.17.5.9-12.H

Research the agencies individuals can contact and steps they can take to address financial fraud and scams, including identity theft.17.5.9-12.I

Evaluate pathways to obtaining credit and what lenders look for in a borrower (e.g., character, capacity, capital, collateral).17.6.9-12.A

Describe how credit reports and scores are determined, used, and improved.17.6.9-12.B

Compare various forms of credit and how each is used (e.g., secured and unsecured loans, installment and revolving credit, service credit).17.6.9-12.C

Analyze the use of loans to finance higher education and home purchases, how they are obtained, and options for paying them back.17.6.9-12.D

Calculate the total cost of credit given a variety of situations (e.g., making minimum payments, paying fees, using alternative financial service providers).17.6.9-12.E

Describe the consequences of failing to repay debts and sources of debt management assistance.17.6.9-12.F

Evaluate various rights and laws related to credit and their impact on consumers.17.6.9-12.G