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K–12 Standards

Kindergarten

Other Washington English Language Arts sets

Reading: Students read, comprehend, interpret, analyze, and appreciate multimodal texts from a broad range of genres, cultures, and mediums in the context of grade-level content to understand themselves, others, and the world. Genres include fiction, poetry, nonfiction, and a variety of genres beyond these categories. Standards 2, 3, and 4 are prioritized.R

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    Foundational Skills

    1. 1

      Students know and apply the basic features of print and how it is organized.ELA.K.R.1

      1. a

        Distinguish pictures from letters and words in a print-rich environment.ELA.K.R.1.a

      2. b

        Follow a text from top to bottom, left to right, and page by page. ELA.K.R.1.b

      3. c

        Identify front and back covers, titles, and the title page of printed books.ELA.K.R.1.c

      4. d

        Tell how the text/visual features represent and/or add to the written text's meaning.ELA.K.R.1.d

    2. 2

      Students demonstrate how sounds, syllables, words, and pauses function in spoken language (phonological awareness).ELA.K.R.2

      1. a

        Recognize, pronounce, separate, blend, and count the syllables in spoken words. ELA.K.R.2.a

      2. b

        Recognize, isolate, and/or blend initial, medial, and final sounds in CVC words. ELA.K.R.2.b

      3. c

        Blend and segment onsets and rimes of single syllable spoken words. ELA.K.R.2.c

      4. d

        Recognize and produce rhyming words.ELA.K.R.2.d

      5. e

        Recognize and produce words with the same initial sound (alliteration).ELA.K.R.2.e

      6. f

        Add and/or substitute individual spoken sounds (phonemes) in simple words to form new words.ELA.K.R.2.f

      7. g

        Identify and separate individual words within spoken phrases and sentences.ELA.K.R.2.g

    3. 3

      Students decode words accurately by applying grade-level phonics and word analysis skills.ELA.K.R.3

      1. a

        Recognize and name all lower- and upper-case letters.ELA.K.R.3.a

      2. b

        Produce the corresponding sound for each consonant and each short vowel.ELA.K.R.3.b

      3. c

        Produce the short vowel sounds with common CVC spellings in closed syllables.ELA.K.R.3.c

      4. d

        Decode simple CVC words using letter sound correspondence (e.g., “bat,” “log”).ELA.K.R.3.d

      5. e

        Recognize and read common high frequency words (e.g., “me,” “the,” “go,” “is”).ELA.K.R.3.e

      6. f

        Read simple decodable sentences with emerging fluency.ELA.K.R.3.f

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    Comprehending and Interpreting Texts

    1. 4

      Students comprehend and interpret texts during shared reading, read aloud, and independent reading, using knowledge of print, language, and text features to make meaning.ELA.K.R.4

      1. a

        Preview the text by noting author, illustrator, title, and images.ELA.K.R.4.a

      2. b

        Use personal connections to make meaning of the text.ELA.K.R.4.b

      3. c

        Make and revise predictions before and during a read aloud.ELA.K.R.4.c

      4. d

        Ask and answer questions about a text’s topic, characters, setting, and/ or major eventsELA.K.R.4.d

      5. e

        Tell how pictures and words help readers understand emotions, characters, actions, places, or information.ELA.K.R.4.e

      6. f

        Retell familiar stories in their own words and/or say what they learned from a text. Analyzing, Evaluating and Using TextsELA.K.R.4.f

    2. 5

      Students analyze texts by making connections between texts, authors, readers, and the world.   ELA.K.R.5

      1. a

        Tell what pictures or words in a text make them think, feel, or wonder.ELA.K.R.5.a

      2. b

        Tell what a story is mostly about and make a personal connection to it.ELA.K.R.5.b

      3. c

        Compare and/or contrast characters, settings, or key ideas in two or more texts.ELA.K.R.5.c

Writing: Students compose multimodal texts through drawing, visually representing, dictating, and writing in a variety of genres for a range of communicative situations in the context of grade level content. Standards 1 and 3 are prioritized.W

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    Writing Purposes and Products

    1. 1

      Students compose multimodal texts through shared and independent writing activities in a variety of genres for a variety of purposes.ELA.K.W.1

      1. a

        Compose in order to describe experiences, ideas, and imaginings.ELA.K.W.1.a

      2. b

        Compose in order to inform others about their observations and explanations of the world.ELA.K.W.1.b

      3. c

        Compose in order to express their opinions and/or preferences.ELA.K.W.1.c

      4. d

        Compose in order to tell the story of a single event or several loosely connected events.ELA.K.W.1.d

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    Plan and Draft

    1. 2

      Students plan and complete shared and independent writing projects.ELA.K.W.2

      1. a

        Connect the task to their interests or experiences.ELA.K.W.2.a

      2. b

        Recognize that writing shares ideas with a reader or listener.ELA.K.W.2.b

      3. c

        Identify steps to complete the project or task.ELA.K.W.2.c

    2. 3

      Students draft content, using tools effectively.ELA.K.W.3

      1. a

        Identify topics and generate ideas.ELA.K.W.3.a

      2. b

        Tell information about a single topic.ELA.K.W.3.b

      3. c

        Tell an opinion and/or preference.ELA.K.W.3.c

      4. d

        Use language to persuade others with feelings and reasons.ELA.K.W.3.d

      5. e

        Tell story events in order.ELA.K.W.3.e

      6. f

        Add labels to drawings and diagrams.ELA.K.W.3.f

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    Revise and Edit

    1. 5

      Students discuss their writings or drawings with others.ELA.K.W.5

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    Share and Publish

    1. 6

      Students share and publish compositions for known and trusted audiences.ELA.K.W.6

Speaking, Listening, and Digital Forums: Students engage in and learn from collaborative discussions, presentations, and public speaking for a range of communicative situations in the context of grade-level content. Standard 1 is prioritized.SLDF

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    Discussion

    1. 1

      Students listen, respond respectfully, and contribute during discussions.ELA.K.SLDF.1

      1. a

        Identify expectations for engaging with and including other participants.ELA.K.SLDF.1.a

      2. b

        Use words and phrases that describe the people, places, things, events, information, and emotions they are referring to with details.ELA.K.SLDF.1.b

      3. c

        Draw on experience, observation, and prior learning to answer questions.ELA.K.SLDF.1.c

      4. d

        Connect statements to others' contributions to propel conversation.ELA.K.SLDF.1.d

      5. e

        Identify when clarification is needed for something they did not understand and/or restate what they heard others say.ELA.K.SLDF.1.e

      6. f

        Answer questions to clarify something others did not understand.ELA.K.SLDF.1.f

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    Collaboration

    1. 2

      Students collaborate on projects and tasks.ELA.K.SLDF.2

      1. a

        Identify expectations, changing them when needed.ELA.K.SLDF.2.a

      2. b

        Contribute towards the shared goal.ELA.K.SLDF.2.b

      3. c

        Communicate to support the group and/or deal with concerns.ELA.K.SLDF.2.c

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    Public Speaking and Presentations

    1. 3

      Students express experiences, positions, ideas, findings, and creative work.ELA.K.SLDF.3

      1. a

        Identify topics from the situation, experience, imagination, reading, group research, media, conversations, and/or products from ELA.K.W.1.ELA.K.SLDF.3.a

      2. b

        Develop content by considering what they want to communicate within the situation.ELA.K.SLDF.3.b

      3. c

        Use images and/or multimedia artifacts in presentations to clarify content.ELA.K.SLDF.3.c

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    Voice

    1. 4

      Students determine how to present themselves and their ideas in different contexts.ELA.K.SLDF.4

      1. a

        Share their thoughts, feelings, and ideas using words, actions, or other communication that reflects who they are.ELA.K.SLDF.4.a

      2. b

        Determine what they want to share and why.ELA.K.SLDF.4.b

    2. 5

      Students use an audible voice, gesture, and pacing to illuminate the contentELA.K.SLDF.5

Language : Students develop command of the English language to speak and write clearly, and to comprehend more fully when reading, listening, or viewing. Standards 2, 3, and 5 are prioritized.L

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    Knowledge of Language

    1. 1

      Students notice when and why language is used differently at school, at home, and with peers.  ELA.K.L.1

      1. a

        Notice that people may use different words or ways of speaking in different settings. ELA.K.L.1.a

      2. b

        Identify words or phrases used at school, at home, or with peers. ELA.K.L.1.b

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    Structure and Functions of English

    1. 2

      Students produce and expand sentences in conversations and writing about experiences, events, and ideas. ELA.K.L.2

      1. a

        Produce simple complete sentences. ELA.K.L.2.a

      2. b

        Expand sentences by adding details or information. ELA.K.L.2.b

    2. 3

      Students determine the meaning of and use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading, and being read to. ELA.K.L.3

      1. a

        Use context, conversation, visuals, and questions to clarify the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases.ELA.K.L.3.a

      2. b

        Understand and use high-frequency nouns, verbs, prepositions, and question words. ELA.K.L.3.b

      3. c

        Form regular plural nouns orally. ELA.K.L.3.c

    3. 4

      Students explore relationships among words and meaning in the context of conversations, reading, and writing about experiences, events, and ideas. ELA.K.L.4

      1. a

        Sort common objects into categories to identify connections between words and their meanings. ELA.K.L.4.a

      2. b

        Demonstrate understanding of frequently occurring verbs and adjectives by relating them to their opposites. ELA.K.L.4.b

      3. c

        Distinguish and express shades of meaning among verbs with descriptions or movements.ELA.K.L.4.c

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    Foundational Written Language (Encoding and Transcription)

    1. 5

      Students develop foundational writing skills to record their ideas using letters, words, and sentences.ELA.K.L.5

      1. a

        Form lower- and upper-case letters legibly and write with appropriate spacing.ELA.K.L.5.a

      2. b

        Spell words using sound-letter correspondences.ELA.K.L.5.b

      3. c

        Capitalize sentence beginnings and the pronoun I.ELA.K.L.5.c

      4. d

        Use a period or question mark to end simple sentences.ELA.K.L.5.d

      5. e

        Develop automaticity in spelling and handwriting and/or other modalities to support written expression.ELA.K.L.5.e

Research and Media Literacy: Students ask questions, seek answers from a variety of sources, and use or share their learning. Standard 1 is prioritized.RML

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    Research and Inquiry

    1. 1

      Students engage in research and inquiry by asking questions and seeking answers from provided information sources, independently and collaboratively.ELA.K.RML.1

      1. a

        Ask questions about a provided topic or things that make them curious.ELA.K.RML.1.a

      2. b

        Generate ideas for where they might find answers to their questions, including talking to people about the topic.ELA.K.RML.1.b

      3. c

        Explore a variety of information sources on a single topic.ELA.K.RML.1.c

      4. d

        Identify information that answers their questions.ELA.K.RML.1.d

      5. e

        Use and/or share new learning.ELA.K.RML.1.e

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Kindergarten
Where can I read the official document?
WA Learning Standards for English Language Arts

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