Visual and Performing Arts
Visual Art
- 1
Notice, Respond, and Engage
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Notice and communicate about objects or forms that appear in art.1.1
- 2.
Create marks with crayons, paints, and chalk and then identify them; mold and build with dough and clay and then identify them.1.2
- 3.
Enjoy and engage with displays of visual art, inside or outside the classroom. Begin to express preferences for some art activities or materials.1.3
- 4.
Choose own art for display in the classroom or for inclusion in a portfolio or book and briefly explain choice.1.4
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Communicate about elements appearing in art (such as line, texture, or perspective), and describe how objects are positioned in the artwork.1.1
- 2.
Begin to plan art and show increasing care and persistence in completing it.1.2
- 3.
Enjoy and engage with displays of visual art. May expand critical assessment of visual art to include preferences for types of artwork or art activities.1.3
- 4.
Choose own art for display in the classroom or for inclusion in a portfolio or book and explain her or his ideas in some detail.1.4
- 1.
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- 2
Develop Skills in Visual Art
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Make straight and curved marks and lines; begin to draw rough circle shapes.2.1
- 2.
Begin to create paintings or drawings that suggest people, animals, and objects.2.2
- 3.
Make somewhat regular-shaped balls and coils out of dough or clay. 2.3
- 4.
Begin to use paper and other materials to assemble simple collages. 2.4
- 5.
Begin to recognize and name materials and tools used for visual arts.2.5
- 6.
Demonstrate some motor control when working with visual arts tools.2.6
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Draw single circle and add lines to create representations of people and things. 2.1
- 2.
Begin to create representative paintings or drawings that approximate or depict people, animals, and objects.2.2
- 3.
Make more representational forms out of dough or clay, using tools (for example, a rolling pin or a garlic press). 2.3
- 4.
Use paper and other materials to make two- and three-dimensional assembled works.2.4
- 5.
Recognize and name materials and tools used for visual arts. 2.5
- 6.
Demonstrate increasing coordination and motor control when working with visual arts tools. 2.6
- 1.
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- 3
Create, Invent, and Express Through Visual Art
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Create art and sometimes name the work.3.1
- 2.
Begin to draw figures or objects.3.2
- 3.
Begin to use intensity of marks and color to express a feeling or mood. 3.3
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Intentionally create content in a work of art.3.1
- 2.
Draw more detailed figures or objects with more control of line and shape.3.2
- 3.
Use intensity of marks and color more frequently to express a feeling or mood.3.3
- 1.
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- 1
Music
- 1
Notice, Respond, and Engage
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Sustain attention and begin to reflect verbally about music; demonstrate familiarity with words that describe music.1.1
- 2.
Recognize simple repeating melody and rhythm patterns. 1.2
- 3.
Identify the sources of a limited variety of musical sounds.1.3
- 4.
Use body movement freely to respond loosely to beat—loud versus quiet (dynamics)—and tempo. 1.4
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Verbally reflect on music and describe music by using an expanded vocabulary. 1.1
- 2.
Demonstrate more complex repeating melody and rhythm patterns. 1.2
- 3.
Identify the sources of a wider variety of music and music-like sounds. 1.3
- 4.
Use body movement freely and more accurately to respond to beat, dynamics, and tempo of music.1.4
- 1.
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- 2
Develops Skills in Music
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Begin to discriminate between different voices and certain instrumental and environmental sounds. Follow words in a song.2.1
- 2.
Explore vocally; sing repetitive patterns and parts of songs alone and with others.2.2
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Become more able to discriminate between different voices and various instrumental and environmental sounds. Follow words in a song.2.1
- 2.
Extend vocal exploration; sing repetitive patterns and entire songs alone and with others in wider ranges of pitch.2.2
- 1.
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- 3
Create, Invent, and Express Through Music
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Explore vocal and instrumental skills and use instruments to produce simple rhythms and tones. 3.1
- 2.
Move or use body to demonstrate beat and tempo, often spontaneously. 3.2
- 3.
Improvise vocally and instrumentally.3.3
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Continue to apply vocal and instrumental skills and use instruments to produce more complex rhythms, tones, melodies, and songs. 3.1
- 2.
Move or use body to demonstrate beat, tempo, and style of music, often intentionally.3.2
- 3.
Explore, improvise, and create brief melodies with voice or instrument.3.3
- 1.
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- 1
Drama
- 1
Notice, Respond, and Engage
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate an understanding of simple drama vocabulary.1.1
- 2.
Identify preferences and interests related to participating in drama. 1.2
- 3.
Demonstrate knowledge of simple plot of a participatory drama. 1.3
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate a broader understanding of drama vocabulary.1.1
- 2.
Explain preferences and interests related to participating in drama.1.2
- 3.
Demonstrate knowledge of extended plot and conflict of a participatory drama.1.3
- 1.
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- 2
Develop Skills to Create, Invent, and Express Through Drama
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate basic role-play skills with imagination and creativity.2.1
- 2.
Add props and costumes to enhance dramatization of familiar stories and fantasy play with peers. 2.2
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate extended role-play skills with increased imagination and creativity. 2.1
- 2.
Create and use an increasing variety of props, costumes and scenery to enhance dramatization of familiar stories and fantasy play with peers.2.2
- 1.
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- 1
Dance
- 1
Notice, Respond, and Engage
-
At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Engage in dance movements.1.1
- 2.
Begin to understand and use vocabulary related to dance. 1.2
- 3.
Respond to instruction of one skill at a time during movement, such as a jump or fall. 1.3
- 4.
Explore and use different steps and movements to create or form a dance.1.4
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Further engage and participate in dance movements.1.1
- 2.
Connect dance terminology with demonstrated steps.1.2
- 3.
Respond to instruction of more than one skill at a time in movement, such as turning, leaping, and turning again. Often initiate a sequence of skills.1.3
- 4.
Use understanding of different steps and movements to create or form a dance.1.4
- 1.
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- 2
Develop Skills in Dance
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Begin to be aware of own body in space.2.1
- 2.
Begin to be aware of other people in dance or when moving in space.2.2
- 3.
Begin to respond to tempo and timing through movement.2.3
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Continue to develop awareness of body in space.2.1
- 2.
Show advanced awareness and coordination of movement with other people in dance or when moving in space.2.2
- 3.
Demonstrate some advanced skills in responding to tempo and timing through movement.2.3
- 1.
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- 3
Create, Invent, and Express Through Dance
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Begin to act out and dramatize through music and movement patterns.3.1
- 2.
Invent dance movements. 3.2
- 3.
Improvise simple dances that have a beginning and an end.3.3
- 4.
Communicate feelings spontaneously through dance and begin to express simple feelings intentionally through dance when prompted by adults.3.4
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Extend understanding and skills for acting out and dramatizing through music and movement patterns.3.1
- 2.
Invent and recreate dance movements.3.2
- 3.
Improvise more complex dances that have a beginning, middle, and an end.3.3
- 4.
Communicate and express feelings intentionally through dance. 3.4
- 1.
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- 1
Physical Development
Fundamental Movement Skills
- 1
Balance
-
At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Maintain balance while holding still; sometimes may need assistance. 1.1
- 2.
Maintain balance while in motion when moving from one position to another or when changing directions, though balance may not be completely stable.1.2
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Show increasing balance and control when holding still. 1.1
- 2.
Show increasing balance control while moving in different directions and when transitioning from one movement or position to another. 1.2
- 1.
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- 2
Locomotor Skills
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Walk with balance, not always stable, oppositional arm movements still developing, and relatively wide base of support (space between feet).2.1
- 2.
Run with short stride length and feet off the ground for a short period of time. May show inconsistent opposition of arms and legs.2.2
- 3.
Jump for height (up or down) and for distance with beginning competence.2.3
- 4.
Begin to demonstrate a variety of locomotor skills, such as galloping, sliding, hopping, and leaping. 2.4
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Walk with balance, oppositional arm movements, and relatively narrow base of support (space between feet). 2.1
- 2.
Run with a longer stride length and each foot off the ground for a greater length of time. Opposition of arms and legs is more consistent.2.2
- 3.
Jump for height (up or down) and for distance with increasing competence. Uses arm swing to aid forward jump. 2.3
- 4.
Demonstrate increasing ability and body coordination in a variety of locomotor skills, such as galloping, sliding, hopping, and leaping. 2.4
- 1.
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- 3
Manipulative Skills
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Begin to show gross motor manipu - lative skills by using arms, hands, and feet, such as rolling a ball underhand, tossing underhand, bouncing, catching, striking, throwing overhand, and kicking.3.1
- 2.
Begin to show fine motor manipulative skills using hands and arms such as in-hand manipulation, writing, cutting, and dressing. 3.2
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Show gross motor manipulative skills by using arms, hands, and feet with increased coordination, such as rolling a ball underhand, tossing underhand, bouncing, catching, striking, throwing overhand, and kicking.3.1
- 2.
Show increasing fine motor manipulative skills using hands and arms such as in-hand manipulation, writing, cutting, and dressing.3.2
- 1.
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- 1
Perceptual–Motor Skills and Movement Concepts
- 1
Body Awareness
-
At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of the names of body parts. 1.1
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of an increasing number of body parts.1.1
- 1.
-
- 2
Spatial Awareness
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Use own body as reference point when locating or relating to other people or objects in space.2.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Use own body, general space, and other people’s space when locating or relating to other people or objects in space.2.1
- 1.
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- 3
Directional Awareness
-
At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Distinguish movements that are up and down and to the side of the body (for example, understands “use that side, now the other side”).3.1
- 4.
Use any two body parts together. 3.4
- 3.
Can place an object on top of or under something with some accuracy.3.3
- 2.
Move forward and backward or up and down easily.3.2
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Begin to understand and distinguish between the sides of the body. 3.1
- 2.
Can change directions quickly and accurately.3.2
- 3.
Can place an object or own body in front of, to the side, or behind something else with greater accuracy.3.3
- 4.
Demonstrate more precision and efficiency during two-handed fine motor activities. 3.4
- 1.
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- 1
Active Physical Play
- 1
Active Participation
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Initiate or engage in simple physical activities for a short to moderate period of time. 1.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Initiate more complex physical activities for a sustained period of time.1.1
- 1.
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- 2
Cardiovascular Endurance
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Engage in frequent bursts of active play that involves the heart, the lungs, and the vascular system. 2.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Engage in sustained active play of increasing intensity that involves the heart, the lungs, and the vascular system.2.1
- 1.
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- 3
Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Flexibility
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Engage in active play activities that enhance leg and arm strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.3.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Engage in increasing amounts of active play activities that enhance leg and arm strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. 3.1
- 1.
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- 1
Health
Health Habits
- 1
Basic Hygiene
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of some steps in the handwashing routine. 1.1
- 2.
Practice health habits that prevent infectious diseases and infestations (such as lice) when appropriate, with adult support, instruction, and modeling.1.2
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of more steps in the handwashing routine.1.1
- 2.
Begin to independently practice health habits that prevent infectious disease and infestations (such as lice) when appropriate, with less adult support, instruction, and modeling. 1.2
- 1.
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- 2
Oral Health
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of some steps of the routine for brushing teeth, with adult supervision and instruction.2.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate knowledge of more steps of the routine for brushing and when toothbrushing should be done, with less adult supervision. 2.1
- 1.
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- 3
Knowledge of Wellness
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Identify a few internal body parts (most commonly the bones, brain, and heart) but may not understand their basic function. 3.1
- 2.
Begin to understand that healthcare providers try to keep people well and help them when they are not well.3.2
- 3.
Communicate to an adult about not feeling well, feeling uncomfortable, or about a special health need, with varying specificity and reliability.3.3
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Identify several different internal body parts and demonstrate a basic, limited knowledge of some functions.3.1
- 2.
Demonstrate greater understanding that health-care providers try to keep people well and help them when they are not well.3.2
- 3.
Communicate to an adult about not feeling well, feeling uncomfortable, or about a special health need, with more specificity and reliability.3.3
- 1.
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- 4
Sun Safety
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Begin to practice sun-safe actions, with adult support and guidance.4.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Practice sun-safe actions with decreasing adult support and guidance.4.1
- 1.
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- 1
Safety
- 1
Injury Prevention
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Follow safety rules with adult support and prompting. 1.1
- 2.
Begin to show ability to follow emergency routines after instruction and practice (for example, a fire drill or earthquake drill). 1.2
- 3.
Show beginning ability to follow transportation and pedestrian safety rules with adult instruction and supervision.1.3
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Follow safety rules more independently though may still need adult support and prompting.1.1
- 2.
Demonstrate increased ability to follow emergency routines after instruction and practice. 1.2
- 3.
Show increased ability to follow transportation and pedestrian safety rules with adult support and supervision.1.3
- 1.
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- 1
Nutrition
- 1
Nutrition Knowledge
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Identify different kinds of foods. 1.1
- 1.
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At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Identify a larger variety of foods and may know some of the related food groups. 1.1
- 1.
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- 2
Nutrition Choices
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At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate a beginning understanding that eating a variety of food helps the body grow and be healthy, and choose from a variety of foods at mealtimes.2.1
- 2.
Indicate food preferences that reflect familial and cultural practices. 2.2
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Demonstrate greater understanding that eating a variety of food helps the body grow and be healthy, and choose from a greater variety of foods at mealtimes.2.1
- 2.
Indicate food preferences based on familial and cultural practices and on some knowledge of healthy choices. 2.2
- 1.
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- 3
Self-Regulation of Eating
-
At around 48 months of age
- 1.
Indicate awareness of own hunger and fullness. 3.1
- 1.
-
At around 60 months of age
- 1.
Indicate greater awareness of own hunger and fullness. 3.1
- 1.
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- 1
Frequently asked questions
- What grade levels do these standards cover?
- PRE-K and Kindergarten
- Where can I read the official document?
- California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2
Keep exploring
Keep exploring Preschool Learning Foundations standards
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