K-12
Other National Core Arts Standards Visual Arts sets
Other National Core Arts Standards Visual Arts sets
Creating
- 1
Anchor Standard 1: Generate and conceptualize artistic ideas and work.
- 1.1
Enduring Understanding: Creativity and innovative thinking are essential life skills that can be developed
- K
Engage in exploration and imaginative play with materials.VA:Cr1.1.Ka
- 1
Engage collaboratively in exploration and imaginative play with materials.VA:Cr1.1.1a
- 2
Brainstorm collaboratively multiple approaches to an art or design problem.VA:Cr1.1.2a
- 3
Elaborate on an imaginative idea.VA:Cr1.1.3a
- 4
Brainstorm multiple approaches to a creative art or design problem.VA:Cr1.1.4a
- 5
Combine ideas to generate an innovative idea for art-making.VA:Cr1.1.5a
- 6
Combine concepts collaboratively to generate innovative ideas for creating art.VA:Cr1.1.6a
- 7
Apply methods to overcome creative blocks.VA:Cr1.1.7a
- 8
Document early stages of the creative process visually and/or verbally in traditional or new media.VA:Cr1.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Use multiple approaches to begin creative endeavorsVA:Cr1.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Individually or collaboratively formulate new creative problems based on student’s existing artwork.VA:Cr1.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Visualize and hypothesize to generate plans for ideas and directions for creating art and design that can affect social changeVA:Cr1.1.IIIa
- K
- 1.2
Enduring Understanding: Artists and designers shape artistic investigations, following or breaking with traditions in pursuit of creative artmaking goals.
- K
Engage collaboratively in creative art-making in response to an artistic problem.VA:Cr1.2.Ka
- 1
Use observation and investigation in preparation for making a work of art.VA:Cr1.2.1a
- 2
Make art or design with various materials and tools to explore personal interests, questions, and curiosity.VA:Cr1.2.2a
- 3
Apply knowledge of available resources, tools, and technologies to investigate personal ideas through the art-making process.VA:Cr1.2.3a
- 4
Collaboratively set goals and create artwork that is meaningful and has purpose to the makers.VA:Cr1.2.4a
- 5
Identify and demonstrate diverse methods of artistic investigation to choose an approach for beginning a work of art.VA:Cr1.2.5a
- 6
Formulate an artistic investigation of personally relevant content for creating art.VA:Cr1.2.6a
- 7
Develop criteria to guide making a work of art or design to meet an identified goal.VA:Cr1.2.7a
- 8
Collaboratively shape an artistic investigation of an aspect of presentday life using a contemporary practice of art and design.VA:Cr1.2.8a
- HS Proficient
Shape an artistic investigation of an aspect of presentday life using a contemporary practice of art or design.VA:Cr1.2.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Choose from a range of materials and methods of traditional and contemporary artistic practices to plan works of art and design.VA:Cr1.2.IIa
- HS Advanced
Choose from a range of materials and methods of traditional and contemporary artistic practices, following or breaking established conventions, to plan the making of multiple works of art and design based on a theme, idea, or concept. VA:Cr1.2.IIIa
- K
- 1.1
- 2
Anchor Standard 2: Organize and develop artistic ideas and work.
- 2.1
Enduring Understanding: Artists and designers experiment with forms, structures, materials, concepts, media, and art-making approaches
- K
Through experimentation, build skills in various media and approaches to art- making.VA:Cr2.1.Ka
- 1
Explore uses of materials and tools to create works of art or design.VA:Cr2.1.1a
- 2
Experiment with various materials and tools to explore personal interests in a work of art or design.VA:Cr2.1.2a
- 3
Create personally satisfying artwork using a variety of artistic processes and materials.VA:Cr2.1.3a
- 4
Explore and invent art-making techniques and approaches.VA:Cr2.1.4a
- 5
Experiment and develop skills in multiple art-making techniques and approaches through practice.VA:Cr2.1.5a
- 6
Demonstrate openness in trying new ideas, materials, methods, and approaches in making works of art and design.VA:Cr2.1.6a
- 7
Demonstrate persistence in developing skills with various materials, methods, and approaches in creating works of art or design.VA:Cr2.1.7a
- 8
Demonstrate willingness to experiment, innovate, and take risks to pursue ideas, forms, and meanings that emerge in the process of art- making or designing.VA:Cr2.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Engage in making a work of art or design without having a preconceived plan.VA:Cr2.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Through experimentation, practice, and persistence, demonstrate acquisition of skills and knowledge in a chosen art form.VA:Cr2.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Experiment, plan, and make multiple works of art and design that explore a personally meaningful theme, idea, or concept.VA:Cr2.1.IIIa
- K
- 2.2
Enduring Understanding: Artists and designers balance experimentation and safety, freedom and responsibility while developing and creating artworks.
- K
Identify safe and non-toxic art materials, tools, and equipment.VA:Cr2.2.Ka
- 1
Demonstrate safe and proper procedures for using materials, tools, and equipment while making art.VA:Cr2.2.1a
- 2
Demonstrate safe procedures for using and cleaning art tools, equipment, and studio spaces.VA:Cr2.2.2a
- 3
Demonstrate an understanding of the safe and proficient use of materials, tools, and equipment for a variety of artistic processes.VA:Cr2.2.3a
- 4
When making works of art, utilize and care for materials, tools, and equipment in a manner that prevents danger to oneself and othersVA:Cr2.2.4a
- 5
Demonstrate quality craftsmanship through care for and use of materials, tools, and equipment.VA:Cr2.2.5a
- 6
Explain environmental implications of conservation, care, and clean-up of art materials, tools, and equipment.VA:Cr2.2.6a
- 7
Demonstrate awareness of ethical responsibility to oneself and others when posting and sharing images and other materials through the Internet, social media, and other communication formats VA:Cr2.2.7a
- 8
Demonstrate awareness of practices, issues, and ethics of appropriation, fair use, copyright, open source, and creative commons as they apply to creating works ofVA:Cr2.2.8a
- HS Proficient
Explain how traditional and nontraditional materials may impact human health and the environment and demonstrate safe handling of materials, tools, and equipment.VA:Cr2.2.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Demonstrate awareness of ethical implications of making and distributing creative work.VA:Cr2.2.IIa
- HS Advanced
Demonstrate understanding of the importance of balancing freedom and responsibility in the use of images, materials, tools, and equipment in the creation and circulation of creative work.VA:Cr2.2.IIIa
- K
- 2.3
Enduring Understanding: People create and interact with objects, places, and design that define, shape, enhance, and empower their lives.
- K
Create art that represents natural and constructed environments.VA:Cr2.3.Ka
- 1
Identify and classify uses of everyday objects through drawings, diagrams, sculptures, or other visual means.VA:Cr2.3.1a
- 2
Repurpose objects to make something new.VA:Cr2.3.2a
- 3
Individually or collaboratively construct representations, diagrams, or maps of places that are part of everyday life.VA:Cr2.3.3a
- 4
Document, describe, and represent regional constructed environments.VA:Cr2.3.4a
- 5
Identify, describe, and visually document places and/or objects of personal significance.VA:Cr2.3.5a
- 6
Design or redesign objects, places, or systems that meet the identified needs of diverse users.VA:Cr2.3.6a
- 7
Apply visual organizational strategies to design and produce a work of art, design, or media that clearly communicates information or ideas.VA:Cr2.3.7a
- 8
Select, organize, and design images and words to make visually clear and compelling presentations.VA:Cr2.3.8a
- HS Proficient
Collaboratively develop a proposal for an installation, artwork, or space design that transforms the perception and experience of a particular place.VA:Cr2.3.Ia
- HS Advanced
Demonstrate in works of art or design how visual and material culture defines, shapes, enhances, inhibits, and/or empowers people's lives.VA:Cr2.3.IIIa
- HS Accomplished
Redesign an object, system, place, or design in response to contemporary issues.VA:Cr2.3.IIa
- K
- 2.1
- 3
Anchor Standard 3: Refine and complete artistic work.
- 3.1
Enduring Understanding: Artist and designers develop excellence through practice and constructive critique, reflecting on, revising, and refining work over time.
- K
Explain the process of making art while creating.VA:Cr3.1.Ka
- 1
Use art vocabulary to describe choices while creating art.VA:Cr3.1.1a
- 2
Discuss and reflect with peers about choices made in creating artwork.VA:Cr3.1.2a
- 3
Elaborate visual information by adding details in an artwork to enhance emerging meaning.VA:Cr3.1.3a
- 4
Revise artwork in progress on the basis of insights gained through peer discussion.VA:Cr3.1.4a
- 5
Create artist statements using art vocabulary to describe personal choices in art- making.VA:Cr3.1.5a
- 6
Reflect on whether personal artwork conveys the intended meaning and revise accordingly.VA:Cr3.1.6a
- 7
Reflect on and explain important information about personal artwork in an artist statement or another format.VA:Cr3.1.7a
- 8
Apply relevant criteria to examine, reflect on, and plan revisions for a work of art or design in progress.VA:Cr3.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Apply relevant criteria from traditional and contemporary cultural contexts to examine, reflect on, and plan revisions for works of art and design in progress.VA:Cr3.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Engage in constructive critique with peers, then reflect on, re- engage, revise, and refine works of art and design in response to personal artistic vision.VA:Cr3.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Reflect on, re- engage, revise, and refine works of art or design considering relevant traditional and contemporary criteria as well as personal artistic vision.VA:Cr3.1.IIIa
- K
- 3.1
Presenting
- 4
Anchor Standard 4: Select, analyze, and interpret artistic work for presentation.
- 4.1
Enduring Understanding: Artists and other presenters consider various techniques, methods, venues, and criteria when analyzing, selecting, and curating objects artifacts, and artworks for preservation and presentation.
- K
Select art objects for personal portfolio and display, explaining why they were chosen.VA:Pr4.1.Ka
- 1
Explain why some objects, artifacts, and artwork are valued over others.VA:Pr4.1.1a
- 2
Categorize artwork based on a theme or concept for an exhibit.VA:Pr4.1.2a
- 3
Investigate and discuss possibilities and limitations of spaces, including electronic, for exhibiting artwork.VA:Pr4.1.3a
- 4
Analyze how past, present, and emerging technologies have impacted the preservation and presentation of artwork.VA:Pr4.1.4a
- 5
Define the roles and responsibilities of a curator, explaining the skills and knowledge needed in preserving, maintaining, and presenting objects, artifacts, and artwork.VA:Pr4.1.5a
- 6
Analyze similarities and differences associated with preserving and presenting two- dimensional, three- dimensional, and digital artwork.VA:Pr4.1.6a
- 7
Compare and contrast how technologies have changed the way artwork is preserved, presented, and experienced.VA:Pr4.1.7a
- 8
Develop and apply criteria for evaluating a collection of artwork for presentation.VA:Pr4.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Analyze, select, and curate artifacts and/or artworks for presentation and preservation.VA:Pr4.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Analyze, select, and critique personal artwork for a collection or portfolio presentation.VA:Pr4.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Critique, justify, and present choices in the process of analyzing, selecting, curating, and presenting artwork for a specific exhibit or event.VA:Pr4.1.IIIa
- K
- 4.1
- 5
Anchor Standard 5: Develop and refine artistic techniques and work for presentation.
- 5.1
Enduring Understanding: Artists, curators and others consider a variety of factors and methods including evolving technologies when preparing and refining artwork for display and or when deciding if and how to preserve and protect it
- K
Explain the purpose of a portfolio or collection.VA:Pr5.1.Ka
- 1
Ask and answer questions such as where, when, why, and how artwork should be prepared for presentation or preservation.VA:Pr5.1.1a
- 2
Distinguish between different materials or artistic techniques for preparing artwork for presentation.VA:Pr5.1.2a
- 3
Identify exhibit space and prepare works of art including artists’ statements, for presentation.VA:Pr5.1.3a
- 4
Analyze the various considerations for presenting and protecting art in various locations, indoor or outdoor settings, in temporary or permanent forms, and in physical or digital formats.VA:Pr5.1.4a
- 5
Develop a logical argument for safe and effective use of materials and techniques for preparing and presenting artwork.VA:Pr5.1.5a
- 6
Individually or collaboratively, develop a visual plan for displaying works of art, analyzing exhibit space, the needs of the viewer, and the layout of the exhibit.VA:Pr5.1.6a
- 7
Based on criteria, analyze and evaluate methods for preparing and presenting art.VA:Pr5.1.7a
- 8
Collaboratively prepare and present selected theme- based artwork for display, and formulate exhibition narratives for the viewer.VA:Pr5.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Analyze and evaluate the reasons and ways an exhibition is presented.VA:Pr5.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Evaluate, select, and apply methods or processes appropriate to display artwork in a specific place.VA:Pr5.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Investigate, compare, and contrast methods for preserving and protecting art.VA:Pr5.1.IIIa
- K
- 5.1
- 6
Anchor Standard 6: Convey meaning through the presentation of artistic work.
- 6.1
Enduring Understanding: Objects, artifacts, and artworks collected, preserved, or presented either by artists, museums, or other venues communicate meaning and a record of social, cultural, and political experiences resulting in the cultivating of appreciation and understanding.
- K
Explain what an art museum is and distinguish how an art museum is different from other buildings.VA:Pr6.1.Ka
- 1
Identify the roles and responsibilities of people who work in and visit museums and other art venues.VA:Pr6.1.1a
- 2
Analyze how art exhibited inside and outside of schools (such as in museums, galleries, virtual spaces, and other venues) contributes to communities.VA:Pr6.1.2a
- 3
Identify and explain how and where different cultures record and illustrate stories and history of life through art.VA:Pr6.1.3a
- 4
Compare and contrast purposes of art museums, art galleries, and other venues, as well as the types of personal experiences they provide.VA:Pr6.1.4a
- 5
Cite evidence about how an exhibition in a museum or other venue presents ideas and provides information about a specific concept or topic.VA:Pr6.1.5a
- 6
Assess, explain, and provide evidence of how museums or other venues reflect history and values of a community.VA:Pr6.1.6a
- 7
Compare and contrast viewing and experiencing collections and exhibitions in different venues.VA:Pr6.1.7a
- 8
Analyze why and how an exhibition or collection may influence ideas, beliefs, and experiences.VA:Pr6.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Analyze and describe the impact that an exhibition or collection has on personal awareness of social, cultural, or political beliefs and understandings.VA:Pr6.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Make, explain, and justify connections between artists or artwork and social, cultural, and political history.VA:Pr6.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Curate a collection of objects, artifacts, or artwork to impact the viewer’s understanding of social, cultural, and/or political experiences.VA:Pr6.1.IIIa
- K
- 6.1
Responding
- 7
Anchor Standard 7: Perceive and analyze artistic work
- 7.1
Enduring Understanding: Individual aesthetic and empathetic awareness developed through engagement with art can lead to understanding and appreciation of self, others, the natural world, and constructed environments
- K
Identify uses of art within one’s personal environment.VA:Re.7.1.Ka
- 1
Select and describe works of art that illustrate daily life experiences of one’s self and others.VA:Re.7.1.1a
- 2
Perceive and describe aesthetic characteristics of one’s natural world and constructed environments.VA:Re.7.1.2a
- 3
Speculate about processes an artist uses to create a work of art.VA:Re.7.1.3a
- 4
Compare responses to a work of art before and after working in similar media.VA:Re.7.1.4a
- 5
Compare one's own interpretation of a work of art with the interpretation of others.VA:Re.7.1.5a
- 6
Identify and interpret works of art or design that reveal how people live around the world and what they value.VA:Re.7.1.6a
- 7
Explain how the method of display, the location, and the experience of an artwork influence how it is perceived and valued.VA:Re.7.1.7a
- 8
Explain how a person’s aesthetic choices are influenced by culture and environment and impact the visual image that one conveys to others.VA:Re.7.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Hypothesize ways in which art influences perception and understanding of human experiences.VA:Re.7.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Recognize and describe personal aesthetic and empathetic responses to the natural world and constructed environments.VA:Re.7.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Analyze how responses to art develop over time based on knowledge of and experience with art and life.VA:Re.7.1.IIIa
- K
- 7.2
Enduring Understanding: Visual imagery influences understanding of and responses to the world.
- K
Describe what an image represents.VA:Re.7.2.Ka
- 1
Compare images that represent the same subject.VA:Re.7.2.1a
- 2
Categorize images based on expressive properties.VA:Re.7.2.2a
- 3
Determine messages communicated by an image.VA:Re.7.2.3a
- 4
Analyze components in visual imagery that convey messages.VA:Re.7.2.4a
- 5
Identify and analyze cultural associations suggested by visual imagery.VA:Re.7.2.5a
- 6
Analyze ways that visual components and cultural associations suggested by images influence ideas, emotions, and actions.VA:Re.7.2.6a
- 7
Analyze multiple ways that images influence specific audiences.VA:Re.7.2.7a
- 8
Compare and contrast contexts and media in which viewers encounter images that influence ideas, emotions, and actions.VA:Re.7.2.8a
- HS Proficient
Analyze how one’s understanding of the world is affected by experiencing visual imagery.VA:Re.7.2.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Evaluate the effectiveness of an image or images to influence ideas, feelings, and behaviors of specific audiences.VA:Re.7.2.IIa
- HS Advanced
Determine the commonalities within a group of artists or visual images attributed to a particular type of art, timeframe, or culture.VA:Re.7.2.IIIa
- K
- 7.1
- 8
Anchor Standard 8: Interpret intent and meaning in artistic work.
- 8.1
Enduring Understanding: People gain insights into meanings of artworks by engaging in the process of art criticism.
- K
Interpret art by identifying subject matter and describing relevant details.VA:Re8.1.Ka
- 1
Interpret art by categorizing subject matter and identifying the characteristics of form.VA:Re8.1.1a
- 2
Interpret art by identifying the mood suggested by a work of art and describing relevant subject matter and characteristics of form.VA:Re8.1.2a
- 3
Interpret art by analyzing use of media to create subject matter, characteristics of form, and mood.VA:Re8.1.3a
- 4
Interpret art by referring to contextual information and analyzing relevant subject matter, characteristics of form, and use of media.VA:Re8.1.4a
- 5
Interpret art by analyzing characteristics of form and structure, contextual information, subject matter, visual elements, and use of media to identify ideas and mood conveyedVA:Re8.1.5a
- 6
Interpret art by distinguishing between relevant and non-relevant contextual information and analyzing subject matter, characteristics of form and structure, and use of media to identify ideas and mood conveyed.VA:Re8.1.6a
- 7
Interpret art by analyzing art- making approaches, the characteristics of form and structure, relevant contextual information, subject matter, and use of media to identify ideas and mood conveyed.VA:Re8.1.7a
- 8
Interpret art by analyzing how the interaction of subject matter, characteristics of form and structure, use of media, art- making approaches, and relevant contextual information contributes to understanding messages or ideas and mood conveyed.VA:Re8.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Interpret an artwork or collection of works, supported by relevant and sufficient evidence found in the work and its various contexts.VA:Re8.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Identify types of contextual information useful in the process of constructing interpretations of an artwork or collection of works.VA:Re8.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Analyze differing interpretations of an artwork or collection of works in order to select and defend a plausible critical analysis.VA:Re8.1.IIIa
- K
- 8.1
- 9
Anchor Standard 9: Apply criteria to evaluate artistic work.
- 9.1
Enduring Understanding: People evaluate art based on various criteria.
- K
Explain reasons for selecting a preferred artwork.VA:Re9.1.Ka
- 1
Classify artwork based on different reasons for preferences.VA:Re9.1.1a
- 2
Use learned art vocabulary to express preferences about artwork.VA:Re9.1.2a
- 3
Evaluate an artwork based on given criteria.VA:Re9.1.3a
- 4
Apply one set of criteria to evaluate more than one work of artVA:Re9.1.4a
- 5
Recognize differences in criteria used to evaluate works of art depending on styles, genres, and media as well as historical and cultural contexts.VA:Re9.1.5a
- 6
Develop and apply relevant criteria to evaluate a work of art.VA:Re9.1.6a
- 7
Compare and explain the difference between an evaluation of an artwork based on personal criteria and an evaluation of an artwork based on a set of established criteria.VA:Re9.1.7a
- 8
Create a convincing and logical argument to support an evaluation of art.VA:Re9.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Establish relevant criteria in order to evaluate a work of art or collection of works.VA:Re9.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Determine the relevance of criteria used by others to evaluate a work of art or collection of works.VA:Re9.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Construct evaluations of a work of art or collection of works based on differing sets of criteria.VA:Re9.1.IIIa
- K
- 9.1
Connecting
- 10
Anchor Standard 10: Synthesize and relate knowledge and personal experiences to make art.
- 10.1
Enduring Understanding: Through art-making, people make meaning by investigating and developing awareness of perceptions, knowledge, and experiences.
- K
Create art that tells a story about a life experience.VA:Cn10.1.Ka
- 1
Identify times, places, and reasons by which students make art outside of school.VA:Cn10.1.1a
- 2
Create works of art about events in home, school, or community life.VA:Cn10.1.2a
- 3
Develop a work of art based on observations of surroundings.VA:Cn10.1.3a
- 4
Create works of art that reflect community cultural traditions.VA:Cn10.1.4a
- 5
Apply formal and conceptual vocabularies of art and design to view surroundings in new ways through art- making.VA:Cn10.1.5a
- 6
Generate a collection of ideas reflecting current interests and concerns that could be investigated in art- making.VA:Cn10.1.6a
- 7
Individually or collaboratively create visual documentation of places and times in which people gather to make and experience art or design in the community.VA:Cn10.1.7a
- 8
Make art collaboratively to reflect on and reinforce positive aspects of group identity.VA:Cn10.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Document the process of developing ideas from early stages to fully elaborated ideas.VA:Cn10.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Utilize inquiry methods of observation, research, and experimentation to explore unfamiliar subjects through art- making.VA:Cn10.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Synthesize knowledge of social, cultural, historical, and personal life with art-making approaches to create meaningful works of art or design.VA:Cn10.1.IIIa
- K
- 10.1
- 11
Anchor Standard 11: Relate artistic ideas and works with societal, cultural, and historical context to deepen understanding
- 11.1
Enduring Understanding: People develop ideas and understandings of society, culture, and history through their interactions with and analysis of art.
- K
Identify a purpose of an artwork.VA:Cn11.1.Ka
- 1
Understand that people from different places and times have made art for a variety of reasons.VA:Cn11.1.1a
- 2
Compare and contrast cultural uses of artwork from different times and places.VA:Cn11.1.2a
- 3
Recognize that responses to art change depending on knowledge of the time and place in which it was made.VA:Cn11.1.3a
- 4
Through observation, infer information about time, place, and culture in which a work of art was created.VA:Cn11.1.4a
- 5
Identify how art is used to inform or change beliefs, values, or behaviors of an individual or society.VA:Cn11.1.5a
- 6
Analyze how art reflects changing times, traditions, resources, and cultural uses.VA:Cn11.1.6a
- 7
Analyze how response to art is influenced by understanding the time and place in which it was created, the available resources, and cultural uses.VA:Cn11.1.7a
- 8
Distinguish different ways art is used to represent, establish, reinforce, and reflect group identity.VA:Cn11.1.8a
- HS Proficient
Describe how knowledge of culture, traditions, and history may influence personal responses to art.VA:Cn11.1.Ia
- HS Accomplished
Compare uses of art in a variety of societal, cultural, and historical contexts and make connections to uses of art in contemporary and local contexts.VA:Cn11.1.IIa
- HS Advanced
Appraise the impact of an artist or a group of artists on the beliefs, values, and behaviors of a society.VA:Cn11.1.IIIa
- K
- 11.1
Frequently asked questions
- What grade levels do these standards cover?
- Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
- Where can I read the official document?
- National Core Arts Standards
Keep exploring
Keep exploring Visual Arts standards
Sibling grade bands, other subjects in this jurisdiction, and the same subject across other states.