Reading Standards for LiteratureRL

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    Key Ideas and Details

    1. 1

      Cite relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.RL.8.1

    2. 2

      Determine themes of a text, and analyze how they are developed through relationships of characters, setting and plot, citing textual evidence, paraphrasing or summarizing.RL.8.2

    3. 3

      Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action, reveal aspects of a character or provoke a decision.RL.8.3

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    Craft and Structure

    1. 4

      Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including but not limited to analogies or allusions to other texts.RL.8.4

    2. 5

      Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts, and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style.RL.8.5

    3. 6

      Analyze characters’ and readers’ perspectives and how the differences create effects, including but not limited to suspense, humor and empathy.RL.8.6

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    Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

    1. 7

      Analyze the extent to which a filmed/live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating choices made by the director or actors.RL.8.7

    2. 8

      Not applicable to literatureRL.8.8

    3. 9

      Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events or character types from myths, traditional stories or religious works, including describing how the material is rendered new.RL.8.9

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    Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

    1. 10

      Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex literary text independently.RL.8.10

Reading Standards for Informational TextRI

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    Key Ideas and Details

    1. 1

      Cite relevant textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.RI.8.1

    2. 2

      Determine central ideas of a text, and analyze how they are developed through relationships of key details, citing textual evidence, paraphrasing or summarizing.RI.8.2

    3. 3

      Analyze how an author uses comparisons, analogies or categories to make connections among and distinctions between ideas over the course of a text.RI.8.3

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    Craft and Structure

    1. 4

      Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.RI.8.4

    2. 5

      Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing and refining a key concept.RI.8.5

    3. 6

      Determine an author’s perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.RI.8.6

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    Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

    1. 7

      Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using print and non-print formats for presenting particular topics or ideas.RI.8.7

    2. 8

      Identify and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.RI.8.8

    3. 9

      Analyze two or more texts with conflicting information on the same topic and identify where the texts disagree in fact or interpretation.RI.8.9

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    Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

    1. 10

      Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex informational text independently.RI.8.10

CompositionC

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    Text Types and Purpose

    1. 1

      Compose arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.C.8.1

      1. a

        Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.C.8.1.a

      2. b

        Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish opposing claim(s) and counter/refute them and organize the reasons and evidence logically.C.8.1.b

      3. c

        Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.C.8.1.c

      4. d

        Use transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.C.8.1.d

      5. e

        Establish and maintain a task-appropriate writing style.C.8.1.e

      6. f

        Provide a concluding statement or section that supports the argument presented.C.8.1.f

      7. g

        With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.C.8.1.g

    2. 2

      Compose informative and/or explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts and information through the selection, organization and analysis of relevant content.C.8.2

      1. a

        Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.C.8.2.a

      2. b

        Introduce a topic clearly; organize ideas, concepts and information into broader categories; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.C.8.2.b

      3. c

        Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples.C.8.2.c

      4. d

        Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.C.8.2.d

      5. e

        Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.C.8.2.e

      6. f

        Establish and maintain a formal style.C.8.2.f

      7. g

        Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.C.8.2.g

      8. h

        With some guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.C.8.2.h

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    Text Types and Purpose

    1. 3

      Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose.intended purpose.C.8.3

      1. a

        Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.C.8.3.a

      2. b

        Engage the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing a point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.C.8.3.b

      3. c

        Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description and reflection, to develop experiences, events and/or characters.C.8.3.c

      4. d

        Use a variety of transitions to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another and show the relationships among experiences and events.C.8.3.d

      5. e

        Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.C.8.3.e

      6. f

        Provide a conclusion that connects the narrative’s relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.C.8.3.f

      7. g

        With guidance, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach.C.8.3.g

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    Production and Distribution

    1. 4

      Use digital resources to create and publish products as well as to interact and collaborate with others; cite sources using MLA or APA format.C.8.4

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    Research to Build and Present Knowledge

    1. 5

      Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating new avenues for inquiry.C.8.5

    2. 6

      Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and, in order to reflect, analyze or complete short research projects, quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism by providing in-text and bibliographic MLA or APA citation.C.8.6

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    Range of Writing

    1. 7

      Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.C.8.7

LanguageL

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    Conventions of General American English

    1. 1

      In both written and oral expression:L.8.1

      1. a

        Identify verbals correctly based on their intended function.L.8.1.a

      2. b

        Demonstrate appropriate use of verbs in the active and passive voice.L.8.1.b

      3. c

        Demonstrate appropriate use of verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional and subjunctive mood, while recognizing and correcting inappropriate shifts.L.8.1.c

    2. 2

      When writing:L.8.2

      1. a

        Demonstrate appropriate use of punctuation to indicate a pause or break.L.8.2.a

      2. b

        Demonstrate appropriate use of an ellipsis to indicate an omission.L.8.2.b

      3. c

        Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.L.8.2.c

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    Knowledge of Language

    1. 3

      Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading or listening.L.8.3

      1. a

        Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action, expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).L.8.3.a

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    Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

    1. 4

      Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.L.8.4

      1. a

        Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.L.8.4.a

      2. b

        Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.L.8.4.b

      3. c

        Consult print and digital reference materials to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.L.8.4.c

      4. d

        Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.L.8.4.d

    2. 5

      Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.L.8.5

      1. a

        Interpret figurative language, including but not limited to irony, in context.L.8.5.a

      2. b

        Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.L.8.5.b

      3. c

        Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations.L.8.5.c

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 8

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