Reading Standards for LiteratureRL

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    Key Ideas and Details

    1. 1

      Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.RL.9-10.1

    2. 2

      Determine a theme or central idea of a text, and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details.RL.9-10.2

    3. 3

      Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters and advance the plot or develop themes.RL.9-10.3

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    Craft and Structure

    1. 4

      Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.RL.9-10.4

    2. 5

      Analyze how an author’s choices concerning text structure, order of details, sequence and manipulation of time (e.g., flashback, pacing) create effects (e.g., emotional impact, character development).RL.9-10.5

    3. 6

      Analyze how authors’ perspectives or cultural experiences are reflected in works of world literature from various historical contexts.RL.9-10.6

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    Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

    1. 7

      Analyze the impact of the representation of a subject or a key scene in different print and non-print mediums and evaluate what is emphasized or omitted in each treatment.RL.9-10.7

    2. 8

      Not applicable to literatureRL.9-10.8

    3. 9

      Analyze two or more texts from different time periods to evaluate the impact of authors' approaches to similar themes or topics.RL.9-10.9

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    Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

    1. 10

      Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex literary text independently.RL.9-10.10

Reading Standards for Informational TextRI

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    Key Ideas and Details

    1. 1

      Cite relevant and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.RI.9-10.1

    2. 2

      Determine central ideas of a text and analyze in detail their development over the course of a text, including how they emerge and are shaped and refined by specific details.RI.9-10.2

    3. 3

      Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events over the course of a text, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed and the connections that are drawn between them.RI.9-10.3

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    Craft and Structure

    1. 4

      Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone.RI.9-10.4

    2. 5

      Analyze in detail how an author’s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs or larger portions of a text.RI.9-10.5

    3. 6

      Determine an author’s point of view, perspective and purpose in a text, and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose.RI.9-10.6

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    Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

    1. 7

      Analyze various accounts of a subject presented in different print and non-print formats, determining which details are emphasized in each account.RI.9-10.7

    2. 8

      Evaluate the argument, specific claims and evidence in a text, assessing the validity, reasoning, relevancy and sufficiency of the evidence; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning.RI.9-10.8

    3. 9

      Analyze documents of historical and literary significance, including how they address related themes and concepts.RI.9-10.9

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    Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

    1. 10

      Routinely and flexibly develop and apply background knowledge along with a variety of comprehension strategies to understand and analyze grade-appropriate, complex informational text independently.RI.9-10.10

CompositionC

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    Text Types and Purpose

    1. 1

      Compose arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.C.9-10.1

      1. a

        Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose and audience.C.9-10.1.a

      2. b

        Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.C.9-10.1.b

      3. c

        Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.C.9-10.1.c

      4. d

        Link the major sections of the text cohesively, and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons and evidence.C.9-10.1.d

      5. e

        Establish and maintain a task-appropriate writing style.C.9-10.1.e

      6. f

        Provide a concluding statement or section that follows and supports the argument presented.C.9-10.1.f

      7. g

        Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.C.9-10.1.g

    2. 2

      Compose informative and/or explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization and analysis of content.C.9-10.2

      1. a

        Produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose.C.9-10.2.a

      2. b

        Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting, graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.C.9-10.2.b

      3. c

        Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic.C.9-10.2.c

      4. d

        Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.C.9-10.2.d

      5. e

        Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.C.9-10.2.e

      6. f

        Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing.C.9-10.2.f

      7. g

        Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.C.9-10.2.g

      8. h

        Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.C.9-10.2.h

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    Text Types and Purpose

    1. 3

      Use narratives strategically in other modes of writing, utilizing effective technique, well-chosen details and well-structured sequences for an intended purpose, including but not limited to introducing an idea and/or supporting a claim.C.9-10.3

      1. a

        Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task and purpose.C.9-10.3.a

      2. b

        Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.C.9-10.3.b

      3. c

        Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events and/or characters.C.9-10.3.c

      4. d

        Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole.C.9-10.3.d

      5. e

        Use precise words and phrases, telling detailsC.9-10.3.e

      6. f

        sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting and/or characters.C.9-10.3.f

      7. g

        Provide a conclusion that explicitly connects the narrative’s relevance to the intended purpose of the writing.C.9-10.3.g

      8. h

        Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.C.9-10.3.h

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    Production and Distribution

    1. 4

      Use digital resources to create, publish and update individual or shared products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Use a variety of formats to cite sources.C.9-10.4

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    Research to Build and Present Knowledge

    1. 5

      Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.C.9-10.5

    2. 6

      Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.C.9-10.6

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    Range of Writing

    1. 7

      Compose routinely over extended time frames and shorter time frames for a variety of tasks, purposes and audiences.C.9-10.7

LanguageL

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    Conventions of General American English

    1. 1

      In both written and oral expression:L.9-10.1

      1. a

        Demonstrate appropriate use of parallel structure.L.9-10.1.a

      2. b

        Demonstrate task-appropriate use of phrases and clauses to communicate purpose, develop structure and add variety.L.9-10.1.b

    2. 2

      When writing:L.9-10.2

      1. a

        Demonstrate appropriate use of a semicolon with and without a conjunctive adverb to link two or more closely related independent clauses.L.9-10.2.a

      2. b

        Demonstrate appropriate use of a colon to introduce a list or quotation.L.9-10.2.b

      3. c

        Demonstrate appropriate use of strategies and resources (print and electronic) to identify and correct spelling errors.L.9-10.2.c

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    Knowledge of Language

    1. 3

      Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.L.9-10.3

      1. a

        Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual appropriate for the discipline and writing type.L.9-10.3.a

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    Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

    1. 4

      Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9-10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.L.9-10.4

      1. a

        Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.L.9-10.4.a

      2. b

        Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.L.9-10.4.b

      3. c

        Consult general and specialized reference materials to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.L.9-10.4.c

      4. d

        Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening in order to be postsecondary ready; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.L.9-10.4.d

    2. 5

      Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.L.9-10.5

      1. a

        Interpret figures of speech in context, including but not limited to euphemism and oxymoron, and analyze their rhetorical function in the text.L.9-10.5.a

      2. b

        Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.L.9-10.5.b

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9 and Grade 10

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