English Language Arts: Grades 9-10

Reading: LiteratureRL

  • 1a

    Use two or more pieces of evidence to support inferences, conclusions, or summaries of the plot, purpose, or theme within a text.LC.RL.9-10.1a

  • 1b

    Determine which piece(s) of evidence provide the strongest support for inferences, conclusions, or summaries of text.LC.RL.9-10.1b

  • 2a

    Determine the theme or central idea of an adapted grade appropriate text.LC.RL.9-10.2a

  • 2b

    Determine how the theme develops.LC.RL.9-10.2b

  • 2c

    Determine how key details support the development of the theme of an adapted grade-level text.LC.RL.9-10.2c

  • 3a

    Identify character with multiple or conflicting motivations (i.e., a complex character).LC.RL.9-10.3a

  • 3b

    Delineate how a complex character develops over the course of a text, interacts with other characters, and advances the plot or develops the theme.LC.RL.9-10.3b

  • 4

    Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text including figurative (e.g., metaphors, similes, and idioms) and connotative meanings.LC.RL.9-10.4

  • 5

    Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.LC.RL.9-10.5

  • 6

    Compare and contrast works from different cultures with a common theme.LC.RL.9-10.6

  • 7

    Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is absent in each treatment.LC.RL.9-10.7

  • 9

    Analyze how an author draws on source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare).LC.RL.9-10.9

  • 10a

    Read or be read to a variety of literary texts or adapted texts including historical novels, classical dramas or plays, poetry, novels written by international authors, and fiction.LC.RL.9-10.10a

  • 10b

    Use strategies to derive meaning from a variety of print and non-print literary texts.LC.RL.9-10.10b

Reading: Informational TextRI

  • 1a

    Use two or more pieces of evidence to support inferences, conclusions, or summaries.LC.RI.9-10.1a

  • 1b

    Determine which piece(s) of evidence provide the strongest support for inferences, conclusions, or summaries in a text.LC.RI.9-10.1b

  • 2a

    Determine the central idea of a text.LC.RI.9-10.2a

  • 2b

    Determine how the central idea develops.LC.RI.9-10.2b

  • 2c

    Determine how key details support the development of the central idea of a text.LC.RI.9-10.2c

  • 2d

    Create an objective summary of a text.LC.RI.9-10.2d

  • 3a

    Analyze key points throughout a text to determine the organizational pattern or text structure.LC.RI.9-10.3a

  • 3b

    Identify connections between key points.LC.RI.9-10.3b

  • 4a

    Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text including figurative (e.g., metaphors, similes, and idioms) and connotative meanings.LC.RI.9-10.4a

  • 4b

    Analyze the use of figurative, connotative or technical terms on the meaning or tone of text.LC.RI.9-10.4b

  • 5a

    Analyze in detail how an author's ideas or claims are developed.LC.RI.9-10.5a

  • 5b

    Identify key sentences or paragraphs that support claims.LC.RI.9-10.5b

  • 6a

    Determine the author's point of view or purpose in a text.LC.RI.9-10.6a

  • 6b

    Determine/identify the specific language/words that the author uses to advance the point of view or purpose.LC.RI.9-10.6b

  • 6c

    Develop and explain ideas for why authors made specific word choices within text.LC.RI.9-10.6c

  • 7

    Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person's life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account.LC.RI.9-10.7

  • 8a

    Identify claims and arguments made by the author.LC.RI.9-10.8a

  • 8b

    Delineate/trace the author’s argument and specific claims.LC.RI.9-10.8b

  • 8c

    Evaluate the argument/claims that the author makes to determine if the statements are true or false.LC.RI.9-10.8c

  • 8d

    Delineate the argument and specific claims in two or more texts on related topics.LC.RI.9-10.8d

  • 8e

    Assess the validity of the arguments across texts on related topics.LC.RI.9-10.8e

  • 9a

    Identify central ideas and concepts in seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech, King's ”Letter from Birmingham Jail”).LC.RI.9-10.9a

  • 9b

    Analyze how seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington's Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech, King's ”Letter from Birmingham Jail”) address similar central ideas.LC.RI.9-10.9b

  • 10a

    Read or be read to a variety of informational texts or adapted texts.LC.RI.9-10.10a

  • 10b

    Read challenging grade-level informational texts.LC.RI.9-10.10b

  • 10c

    Use a variety of strategies to derive meaning from a variety print and non-print informational texts.LC.RI.9-10.10c

WritingW

  • 1a

    Introduce claim(s) for an argument that reflects knowledge of the topic.LC.W.9-10.1a

  • 1b

    Identify claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims(s) in writing.LC.W.9-10.1b

  • 1c

    Create an organizational structure which develops relationships among claim(s), reasons, and evidence (e.g., introduce claims, distinguish supporting and opposing claims and relevant evidence for each, provide conclusion).LC.W.9-10.1c

  • 1d

    Identify specific evidence for claim(s) and counterclaim(s).LC.W.9-10.1d

  • 1e

    Develop clear claim(s) with specific evidence for a topic or text.LC.W.9-10.1e

  • 1f

    Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion within writing.LC.W.9-10.1f

  • 1g

    Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationship among claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.LC.W.9-10.1g

  • 1h

    Maintain a consistent style and voice.LC.W.9-10.1h

  • 1i

    Provide a concluding statement or section that supports the argument presented by stating the significance of the claim.LC.W.9-10.1i

  • 2a

    Produce an informative/explanatory permanent product which has an introduction that clearly previews information to follow about a topic.LC.W.9-10.2a

  • 2b

    Create an organizational structure (e.g., cause/effect, compare/contrast, descriptions and examples) that groups information logically to support the stated topic.LC.W.9-10.2b

  • 2c

    Develop the topic (i.e., add additional information related to the topic) with relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate for the audience.LC.W.9-10.2c

  • 2d

    Use transitional words, phrases, and clauses that connect ideas and create cohesion.LC.W.9-10.2d

  • 2e

    Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic.LC.W.9-10.2e

  • 2f

    Maintain a consistent style and voice.LC.W.9-10.2f

  • 2g

    Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.LC.W.9-10.2g

  • 3a

    Produce a narrative permanent product which engages and orients the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation and establishes one or multiple point(s) of view.LC.W.9-10.3a

  • 3b

    Sequence events so that they build on one another to create a smooth progression of experiences or events.LC.W.9-10.3b

  • 3c

    Include plot and pacing techniques (e.g., flashback, foreshadowing, suspense) as appropriate.LC.W.9-10.3c

  • 3d

    Include dialogue that advances the plot or theme (e.g., reveals character motivations, feelings, thoughts, how a character has changed perspectives).LC.W.9-10.3d

  • 3e

    Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.LC.W.9-10.3e

  • 3f

    Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.LC.W.9-10.3f

  • 4

    Produce a clear, coherent permanent product that is appropriate to the specific task (e.g., topic or text), purpose (e.g., to persuade or inform), or audience (e.g., reader).LC.W.9-10.4

  • 5a

    Develop a plan for permanent products (e.g., brainstorm topics, select a topic, gather information, create a draft) focused on a specific purpose and audience.LC.W.9-10.5a

  • 5b

    Strengthen writing by revising and editing (e.g., review a permanent product, strengthen informative/explanatory permanent products by adding examples, use parallel structure correctly).LC.W.9-10.5b

  • 6

    Use technology to produce and publish permanent products (e.g., use the Internet to gather information; use word processing to generate and collaborate on permanent products).LC.W.9-10.6

  • 7

    Follow steps to complete a short or sustained research project to build knowledge on a topic or text, answer a question and/or solve a problem (e.g., determine topic, locate information on a topic, organize information related to the topic, draft a permanent product).LC.W.9-10.7

  • 8a

    Gather relevant information (e.g., highlight in text, quote or paraphrase from text or discussion) from authoritative print and/or digital sources relevant to a topic or stated claim.LC.W.9-10.8a

  • 8b

    Integrate information presented by others into permanent products while avoiding plagiarism.LC.W.9-10.8b

  • 8c

    Use a standard format to write citations.LC.W.9-10.8c

  • 8d

    Provide a bibliography for sources that contributed to the creation of a permanent product.LC.W.9-10.8d

  • 9

    Provide evidence from grade-appropriate literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.LC.W.9-10.9

Speaking & ListeningSL

  • 1a

    Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making.LC.SL.9-10.1a

  • 1b

    Actively seek the ideas or opinions of others in a discussion on a given topic or text.LC.SL.9-10.1b

  • 1c

    Engage appropriately in discussion with others who have a diverse or divergent perspective.LC.SL.9-10.1c

  • 1d

    Clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions within a discussion on a given topic or text.LC.SL.9-10.1d

  • 1e

    Summarize points of agreement and disagreement within a discussion on a given topic or text.LC.SL.9-10.1e

  • 1f

    Use evidence and reasoning presented in discussion on topic or text to make new connections with own view or understanding.LC.SL.9-10.1f

  • 2

    Analyze credibility of sources and accuracy of information presented in social media regarding a given topic or text.LC.SL.9-10.2

  • 3a

    Determine the speaker's point of view or purpose in a text.LC.SL.9-10.3a

  • 3b

    Determine what arguments the speaker makes.LC.SL.9-10.3b

  • 3c

    Evaluate the evidence used to make the argument.LC.SL.9-10.3c

  • 3d

    Evaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence for false statements, faulty reasoning or exaggeration.LC.SL.9-10.3d

  • 4

    Report on a topic, using a logical sequence of ideas, appropriate facts and relevant, and descriptive details which support the main ideas.LC.SL.9-10.4

  • 5

    Include digital or multimedia components and visual displays in presentations to clarify claims and findings and emphasize salient points.LC.SL.9-10.5

LanguageL

  • 1a

    Use parallel structure (e.g., when using gerunds [-ing], infinitives, or voice [active or passive]) within writing.LC.L.9-10.1a

  • 1b

    Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey meaning and add interest to writing.LC.L.9-10.1b

  • 2a

    Use a semicolon (i.e., link two or more related independent clauses) and/or colon (i.e., to introduce a list or quotation) appropriately in writing.LC.L.9-10.2a

  • 2b

    Spell correctly in writing.LC.L.9-10.2b

  • 3

    Write and edit work to conform to guidelines in a style manual.LC.L.9-10.3

  • 4a

    Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word's position in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.LC.L.9-10.4a

  • 4b

    Consult print or digital reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the synonym for a word.LC.L.9-10.4b

  • 4c

    Consult print or digital reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the precise meaning of a word.LC.L.9-10.4c

  • 4d

    Consult print or digital reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses) to find the part of speech for a word.LC.L.9-10.4d

  • 4e

    Verify the prediction of the meaning of a new word or phrase (e.g., by checking a dictionary).LC.L.9-10.4e

  • 5a

    Identify an oxymoron in a text.LC.L.9-10.5a

  • 5b

    Identify the denotation for a known word.LC.L.9-10.5b

  • 5c

    Interpret how literary devices advance the plot or affect the tone or pacing of a text.LC.L.9-10.5c

  • 5d

    Interpret figures of speech in context.LC.L.9-10.5d

  • 5e

    Explain differences or changes in the meaning of words with similar denotations.LC.L.9-10.5e

  • 6a

    Use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases accurately.LC.L.9-10.6a

  • 6b

    Use newly acquired domain-specific words and phrases accurately.LC.L.9-10.6b

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9 and Grade 10