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K–12 Standards

Human Structure, Function & Disease (2025)

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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY: Demonstrate methods of delivering and obtaining information, while communicating effectively1.0

  • 1

    Use common roots, prefixes, and suffixes to communicate information regarding body systems, diseases, and disorders.1.1

  • 2

    Interpret common medical abbreviations.1.2

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PART A: Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles.2.0

  • 1

    Identify basic levels of organization of the human body. 2.1

  • 2

    Identify body planes, directional terms, cavities, and quadrants. 2.2

  • 3

    Investigate the process of homeostasis.2.3

  • 4

    Skeletal System2.4

    1. 1

      Structures of the skeletal system2.4.1

      1. 1

        Distinguish between axial and appendicular skeletons2.4.1.1

      2. 2

        Describe long bone anatomy2.4.1.2

      3. 3

        Identify joint types and movement2.4.1.3

      4. 4

        Name and classify all bones (206) 2.4.1.4

    2. 2

      Functions of the skeletal system2.4.2

      1. 1

        Structure and support2.4.2.1

      2. 2

        Muscle attachment and movement2.4.2.2

      3. 3

        Mineral storage2.4.2.3

      4. 4

        Hematopoiesis2.4.2.4

      5. 5

        Ossification2.4.2.5

  • 5

    Muscular System2.5

    1. 1

      Structures of the muscular system2.5.1

      1. 1

        Identify types of muscle tissue2.5.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify major muscle groups of neck, shoulder, chest, abdomen, back, arms and legs2.5.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the muscular system2.5.2

      1. 1

        Body movement2.5.2.1

      2. 2

        Posture2.5.2.2

      3. 3

        Protection2.5.2.3

  • 6

    Integumentary System2.6

    1. 1

      Structures of the integumentary system2.6.1

      1. 1

        Identify integumentary components2.6.1.1

      2. 2

        Label the layers of skin2.6.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the integumentary system2.6.2

      1. 1

        Infection protection2.6.2.1

      2. 2

        Sensory organ2.6.2.2

      3. 3

        Temperature regulation2.6.2.3

      4. 4

        UV light protection2.6.2.4

      5. 5

        Vitamin D production2.6.2.5

  • 7

    Cardiovascular System2.7

    1. 1

      Structures of the cardiovascular system2.7.1

      1. 1

        Distinguish blood components2.7.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify cardiovascular organs2.7.1.2

      3. 3

        Label the parts of the heart2.7.1.3

    2. 2

      Functions of the cardiovascular system2.7.2

      1. 1

        Blood flow through the heart and body2.7.2.1

      2. 2

        Cardiac conduction system2.7.2.2

      3. 3

        Transportation of nutrients, waste, antibodies, hormones, and gases2.7.2.3

  • 8

    Lymphatic/Immune System2.8

    1. 1

      Structures of the lymphatic system2.8.1

      1. 1

        Identify lymphatic organs2.8.1.1

    2. 2

      Functions of the lymphatic system2.8.2

      1. 1

        Movement of lymph fluid2.8.2.1

      2. 2

        Provides protection against disease2.8.2.2

  • 9

    Respiratory System2.9

    1. 1

      Structures of the respiratory system2.9.1

      1. 1

        Identify respiratory organs2.9.1.1

    2. 2

      Functions of the respiratory system2.9.2

      1. 1

        Gas exchange2.9.2.1

Cellular2.1.1

  • 1

    Cellular2.1.1

Chemical2.1.2

  • 2

    Chemical2.1.2

Organ2.1.3

  • 3

    Organ2.1.3

Organism2.1.4

  • 4

    Organism2.1.4

Systems2.1.5

  • 5

    Systems2.1.5

Tissue2.1.6

  • 6

    Tissue2.1.6

Body planes (sagittal, mid-sagittal, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal)2.2.1

  • 1

    Body planes (sagittal, mid-sagittal, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal)2.2.1

Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep)2.2.2

  • 2

    Directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior/ventral, posterior/dorsal, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, and deep)2.2.2

Cavities (dorsal, cranial, orbital, nasal, oral, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)2.2.3

  • 3

    Cavities (dorsal, cranial, orbital, nasal, oral, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic)2.2.3

Quadrants (upper right, lower right, upper left, and lower left)2.2.4

  • 4

    Quadrants (upper right, lower right, upper left, and lower left)2.2.4

DISEASES AND DISORDERS- PART A3.0

  • 1

    Describe etiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common diseases and disorders, including, but not limited to the following:3.1.A

Arthritis3.1.A.1

  • 1

    Arthritis3.1.A.1

Asthma3.1.A.2

  • 2

    Asthma3.1.A.2

Cancer3.1.A.3

  • 3

    Cancer3.1.A.3

Cystic fibrosis3.1.A.4

  • 4

    Cystic fibrosis3.1.A.4

Melanoma3.1.A.5

  • 5

    Melanoma3.1.A.5

Muscular dystrophy3.1.A.6

  • 6

    Muscular dystrophy3.1.A.6

Myocardial infarction (MI)3.1.A.7

  • 7

    Myocardial infarction (MI)3.1.A.7

Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)3.1.A.8

  • 8

    Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)3.1.A.8

Tuberculosis3.1.A.9

  • 9

    Tuberculosis3.1.A.9

Anatomy and Physiology- Part B: Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles.2.0

  • 10

    Nervous System2.10

    1. 1

      Structures of the nervous system2.10.1

      1. 1

        Identify organs of the nervous system2.10.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify structures of the “special sense” organs2.10.1.2

      3. 3

        Differentiate CNS and PNS2.10.1.3

      4. 4

        Differentiate sympathetic and parasympathetic2.10.1.4

    2. 2

      Functions of the nervous system2.10.2

      1. 1

        Sensation2.10.2.1

      2. 2

        Movement2.10.2.2

      3. 3

        Processing2.10.2.3

  • 11

    Endocrine System2.11

    1. 1

      Structures of the endocrine system2.11.1

      1. 1

        Identify endocrine glands2.11.1.1

    2. 2

      Functions of the Endocrine System2.11.2

      1. 1

        Production of hormones2.11.2.1

      2. 2

        Regulation of body processes2.11.2.2

      3. 3

        Controls metabolism2.11.2.3

      4. 4

        Regulates growth, development, and maturation2.11.2.4

  • 12

    Digestive System2.12

    1. 1

      Structures of the digestive system2.12.1

      1. 1

        Identify digestive organs in sequence2.12.1.1

      2. 2

        Differentiate between alimentary and accessory organs2.12.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the digestive system2.12.2

      1. 1

        Chemical and mechanical digestion2.12.2.1

      2. 2

        Absorption of nutrients2.12.2.2

      3. 3

        Excretion of waste2.12.2.3

  • 13

    Urinary System2.13

    1. 1

      Structures of the urinary system2.13.1

      1. 1

        Identify urinary organs2.13.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney2.13.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the urinary system2.13.2

      1. 1

        Process of urine formation2.13.2.1

      2. 2

        Urine composition2.13.2.2

      3. 3

        Homeostatic balance2.13.2.

  • 14

    Reproductive System2.14

    1. 1

      Structures of the reproductive system2.14.1

      1. 1

        Identify female reproductive organs2.14.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify male reproductive organs2.14.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the reproductive system2.14.2

      1. 1

        Formation of gametes2.14.2.1

      2. 2

        Production of hormones2.14.2.2

  • 15

    The Special Senses2.15

    1. 1

      Structures of the Eyes and Ears2.15.1

      1. 1

        Identify structures of the eyes2.15.1.1

      2. 2

        Identify structures of the ears2.15.1.2

    2. 2

      Functions of the Eyes and Ears2.15.2

      1. 1

        Eyes are the receptor organs of sight; receive and transmit images to the brain2.15.2.1

      2. 2

        Ears are the receptor organs of hearing; receive and transmit sound impulses to the brain, helps maintain balance2.15.2.2

DISEASES AND DISORDERS- PART B3.0

  • 1.B

    Describe etiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common diseases and disorders, including, but not limited to the following:3.1.B

  • 2

    Discuss research related to emerging diseases and disorders such as: 3.2

  • 3

    Describe biomedical therapies as they relate to prevention, pathology, and treatment of disease.3.3

Bipolar disorder3.1.B.1

  • 1

    Bipolar disorder3.1.B.1

Cancer3.1.B.2

  • 2

    Cancer3.1.B.2

Cataracts3.1.B.3

  • 3

    Cataracts3.1.B.3

Concussion / Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)3.1.B.4

  • 4

    Concussion / Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)3.1.B.4

Diabetes3.1.B.5

  • 5

    Diabetes3.1.B.5

Dementia3.1.B.6

  • 6

    Dementia3.1.B.6

Gastric ulcer3.1.B.7

  • 7

    Gastric ulcer3.1.B.7

Hepatitis3.1.B.8

  • 8

    Hepatitis3.1.B.8

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)3.1.B.9

  • 9

    Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)3.1.B.9

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)3.1.B.10

  • 10

    Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)3.1.B.10

Autism3.2.1

  • 1

    Autism3.2.1

VRSA3.2.2

  • 2

    VRSA3.2.2

PTSD3.2.3

  • 3

    PTSD3.2.3

Listeria3.2.4

  • 4

    Listeria3.2.4

Seasonal flu3.2.5

  • 5

    Seasonal flu3.2.5

Gene editing3.3.1

  • 1

    Gene editing3.3.1

Gene testing3.3.2

  • 2

    Gene testing3.3.2

Gene therapy3.3.3

  • 3

    Gene therapy3.3.3

Immunizations3.3.4

  • 4

    Immunizations3.3.4

Immunotherapy3.3.5

  • 5

    Immunotherapy3.3.5

Stem cell research3.3.6

  • 6

    Stem cell research3.3.6

MEDICAL MATHEMATICS4.0

  • 1

    Demonstrate competency using basic math skills and mathematical conversions as they relate to healthcare.4.1

  • 2

    Demonstrate the ability to analyze diagrams, charts, graphs, and tables to interpret healthcare results.4.2

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE: Apply information technology practices common across health professions.5.0

  • 1

    Key Principles, components, and practices of Health Information Systems5.1

    1. 1

      Utilize components of an electronic health record (EHR) and/or electronic medical record (EMR).5.1.1

      1. 1

        Diagnostic tests5.1.1.1

      2. 2

        History and physical5.1.1.2

      3. 3

        Medications5.1.1.3

      4. 4

        Patient demographics5.1.1.4

      5. 5

        Progress notes5.1.1.5

      6. 6

        Treatment Plan5.1.1.6

    2. 2

      Evaluate types of health data collection tools.5.1.2

      1. 1

        Medical wearable devices5.1.2.1

      2. 2

        Patient monitoring equipment 5.1.2.2

      3. 3

        Phone application5.1.2.3

      4. 4

        Telemedicine/telehealth5.1.2.4

    3. 3

      Adhere to information systems policies, procedures, and regulations as required by national, state, and local entities.5.1.3

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
Where can I read the official document?
Human Structure Function and Disease Course Standards

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