Discrete Mathematics
Mathematical process standards
- 1.
The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understandingDMPS.9-12.1
- (A)
apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplaceDMPS.9-12.1.A
- (B)
use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solutionDMPS.9-12.1.B
- (C)
select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problemsDMPS.9-12.1.C
- (D)
communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriateDMPS.9-12.1.D
- (E)
create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideasDMPS.9-12.1.E
- (F)
analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideasDMPS.9-12.1.F
- (G)
display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communicationDMPS.9-12.1.G
Graph theory
- 2.
The student applies the concept of graphs to determine possible solutions to real-world problemsDMPS.9-12.2
- (A)
explain the concept of graphsDMPS.9-12.2.A
- (B)
use graph models for simple problems in management scienceDMPS.9-12.2.B
- (C)
determine the valences of the vertices of a graphDMPS.9-12.2.C
- (D)
identify Euler circuits in a graphDMPS.9-12.2.D
- (E)
solve route inspection problems by Eulerizing a graphDMPS.9-12.2.E
- (F)
determine solutions modeled by edge traversal in a graphDMPS.9-12.2.F
- (G)
compare the results of solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) using the nearest neighbor algorithm and using a greedy algorithmDMPS.9-12.2.G
- (H)
distinguish between real-world problems modeled by Euler circuits and those modeled by Hamiltonian circuitsDMPS.9-12.2.H
- (I)
distinguish between algorithms that yield optimal solutions and those that give nearly optimal solutionsDMPS.9-12.2.I
- (J)
find minimum-cost spanning trees using Kruskal's algorithmDMPS.9-12.2.J
- (K)
use the critical path method to determine the earliest possible completion time for a collection of tasksDMPS.9-12.2.K
- (L)
explain the difference between a graph and a directed graphDMPS.9-12.2.L
Planning and scheduling
- 3.
The student uses heuristic algorithms to solve real-world problemsDMPS.9-12.3
- (A)
use the list processing algorithm to schedule tasks on identical processorsDMPS.9-12.3.A
- (B)
recognize situations appropriate for modeling or scheduling problemsDMPS.9-12.3.B
- (C)
determine whether a schedule is optimal using the critical path method together with the list processing algorithmDMPS.9-12.3.C
- (D)
identify situations appropriate for modeling by bin packingDMPS.9-12.3.D
- (E)
use any of six heuristic algorithms to solve bin packing problemsDMPS.9-12.3.E
- (F)
solve independent task scheduling problems using the list processing algorithmDMPS.9-12.3.F
- (G)
explain the relationship between scheduling problems and bin packing problemsDMPS.9-12.3.G
Group decision making
- 4.
The student uses mathematical processes to apply decision-making schemes. The student analyzes the effects of multiple types of weighted voting and applies multiple voting concepts to real-world situationsDMPS.9-12.4
- (A)
describe the concept of a preference schedule and how to use itDMPS.9-12.4.A
- (B)
explain how particular decision-making schemes workDMPS.9-12.4.B
- (C)
determine the outcome for various voting methods, given the voters' preferencesDMPS.9-12.4.C
- (D)
explain how different voting schemes or the order of voting can lead to different resultsDMPS.9-12.4.D
- (E)
describe the impact of various strategies on the results of the decision-making processDMPS.9-12.4.E
- (F)
explain the impact of Arrow's Impossibility TheoremDMPS.9-12.4.F
- (G)
relate the meaning of approval votingDMPS.9-12.4.G
- (H)
explain the need for weighted voting and how it worksDMPS.9-12.4.H
- (I)
identify voting concepts such as Borda count, Condorcet winner, dummy voter, and coalitionDMPS.9-12.4.I
- (J)
compute the Banzhaf power index and explain its significanceDMPS.9-12.4.J
Fair division
- 5.
The student applies the adjusted winner procedure and Knaster inheritance procedure to real-world situationsDMPS.9-12.5
- (A)
use the adjusted winner procedure to determine a fair allocation of propertyDMPS.9-12.5.A
- (B)
use the adjusted winner procedure to resolve a disputeDMPS.9-12.5.B
- (C)
explain how to reach a fair division using the Knaster inheritance procedureDMPS.9-12.5.C
- (D)
solve fair division problems with three or more players using the Knaster inheritance procedureDMPS.9-12.5.D
- (E)
explain the conditions under which the trimming procedure can be applied to indivisible goodsDMPS.9-12.5.E
- (F)
identify situations appropriate for the techniques of fair divisionDMPS.9-12.5.F
- (G)
compare the advantages of the divider and the chooser in the divider-chooser methodDMPS.9-12.5.G
- (H)
discuss the rules and strategies of the divider-chooser methodDMPS.9-12.5.H
- (I)
resolve cake-division problems for three players using the last-diminisher methodDMPS.9-12.5.I
- (J)
analyze the relative importance of the three desirable properties of fair division: equitability, envy-freeness, and Pareto optimalityDMPS.9-12.5.J
- (K)
identify fair division procedures that exhibit envy-freenessDMPS.9-12.5.K
Game (or competition) theory
- 6.
The student uses knowledge of basic game theory concepts to calculate optimal strategies. The student analyzes situations and identifies the use of gaming strategiesDMPS.9-12.6
- (A)
recognize competitive game situationsDMPS.9-12.6.A
- (B)
represent a game with a matrixDMPS.9-12.6.B
- (C)
identify basic game theory concepts and vocabularyDMPS.9-12.6.C
- (D)
determine the optimal pure strategies and value of a game with a saddle point by means of the minimax techniqueDMPS.9-12.6.D
- (E)
explain the concept of and need for a mixed strategyDMPS.9-12.6.E
- (F)
compute the optimal mixed strategy and the expected value for a player in a game who has only two pure strategiesDMPS.9-12.6.F
- (G)
model simple two-by-two, bimatrix games of partial conflictDMPS.9-12.6.G
- (H)
identify the nature and implications of the game called "Prisoners' Dilemma"DMPS.9-12.6.H
- (I)
explain the game known as "chicken"DMPS.9-12.6.I
- (J)
identify examples that illustrate the prevalence of Prisoners' Dilemma and chicken in our societyDMPS.9-12.6.J
- (K)
determine when a pair of strategies for two players is in equilibriumDMPS.9-12.6.K
Theory of moves
- 7.
The student analyzes the theory of moves (TOM). The student uses the TOM and game theory to analyze conflictsDMPS.9-12.7
- (A)
compare and contrast TOM and game theoryDMPS.9-12.7.A
- (B)
explain the rules of TOMDMPS.9-12.7.B
- (C)
describe what is meant by a cyclic gameDMPS.9-12.7.C
- (D)
use a game tree to analyze a two-person gameDMPS.9-12.7.D
- (E)
determine the effect of approaching Prisoners' Dilemma and chicken from the standpoint of TOM and contrast that to the effect of approaching them from the standpoint of game theoryDMPS.9-12.7.E
- (F)
describe the use of TOM in a larger, more complicated gameDMPS.9-12.7.F
- (G)
model a conflict from literature or from a real-life situation as a two-by-two strict ordinal game and compare the results predicted by game theory and by TOMDMPS.9-12.7.G
Frequently asked questions
- What grade levels do these standards cover?
- Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
- When were these standards adopted?
- 2013
- Where can I read the official document?
- Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Mathematics: Discrete Mathematics for Problem Solving
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