Precalculus

Mathematical process standards

  • B.

    use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solutionPC1.B

  • A.

    apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplacePC1.A

  • PC1.

    The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understandingPC1

  • E.

    create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideasPC1.E

  • D.

    communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriatePC1.D

  • C.

    select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problemsPC1.C

  • F.

    analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideasPC1.F

  • G.

    display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communicationPC1.G

FunctionsPC2

  • P2.

    P2

  • A

    PC2.A

  • B

    demonstrate that function composition is not always commutativePC2.B

  • C

    represent a given function as a composite function of two or more functionsPC2.C

  • D

    describe symmetry of graphs of even and odd functionsPC2.D

  • E

    determine an inverse function, when it exists, for a given function over its domain or a subset of its domain and represent the inverse using multiple representationsPC2.E

  • F

    graph exponential, logarithmic, rational, polynomial, power, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, and piecewise defined functions, including step functionsPC2.F

  • G

    graph functions, including exponential, logarithmic, sine, cosine, rational, polynomial, and power functions and their transformations, including af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), f(bx) for specific values of a, b, c, and d, in mathematical and real-world problemsPC2.G

  • H

    graph arcsin x and arccos x and describe the limitations on the domainPC2.H

  • I

    determine and analyze the key features of exponential, logarithmic, rational, polynomial, power, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, and piecewise defined functions, including step functions such as domain, range, symmetry, relative maximum, relative minimum, zeros, asymptotes, and intervals over which the function is increasing or decreasingPC2.I

  • J

    analyze and describe end behavior of functions, including exponential, logarithmic, rational, polynomial, and power functions, using infinity notation to communicate this characteristic in mathematical and real-world problemsPC2.J

  • K

    analyze characteristics of rational functions and the behavior of the function around the asymptotes, including horizontal, vertical, and oblique asymptotesPC2.K

  • L

    determine various types of discontinuities in the interval (-∞, ∞) as they relate to functions and explore the limitations of the graphing calculator as it relates to the behavior of the function around discontinuitiesPC2.L

  • M

    describe the left-sided behavior and the right-sided behavior of the graph of a function around discontinuitiesPC2.M

  • N

    analyze situations modeled by functions, including exponential, logarithmic, rational, polynomial, and power functions, to solve real-world problemsPC2.N

  • O

    develop and use a sinusoidal function that models a situation in mathematical and real-world problemsPC2.O

  • P

    determine the values of the trigonometric functions at the special angles and relate them in mathematical and real-world problemsPC2.P

Relations and geometric reasoning

  • PC3.

    The student uses the process standards in mathematics to model and make connections between algebraic and geometric relationsPC3

  • A

    graph a set of parametric equationsPC3.A

  • B

    convert parametric equations into rectangular relations and convert rectangular relations into parametric equationsPC3.B

  • C

    use parametric equations to model and solve mathematical and real-world problemsPC3.C

  • D

    graph points in the polar coordinate system and convert between rectangular coordinates and polar coordinatesPC3.D

  • E

    graph polar equations by plotting points and using technologyPC3.E

  • F

    determine the conic section formed when a plane intersects a double-napped conePC3.F

  • G

    make connections between the locus definition of conic sections and their equations in rectangular coordinatesPC3.G

  • H

    use the characteristics of an ellipse to write the equation of an ellipse with center (h, k)PC3.H

  • I

    use the characteristics of a hyperbola to write the equation of a hyperbola with center (h, k)PC3.I

Number and measure

  • PC4.

    The student uses process standards in mathematics to apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to calculate measures in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4

  • A

    determine the relationship between the unit circle and the definition of a periodic function to evaluate trigonometric functions in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4.A

  • B

    describe the relationship between degree and radian measure on the unit circlePC4.B

  • C

    represent angles in radians or degrees based on the concept of rotation and find the measure of reference angles and angles in standard positionPC4.C

  • D

    represent angles in radians or degrees based on the concept of rotation in mathematical and real-world problems, including linear and angular velocityPC4.D

  • F

    use trigonometry in mathematical and real-world problems, including directional bearingPC4.F

  • E

    determine the value of trigonometric ratios of angles and solve problems involving trigonometric ratios in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4.E

  • H

    use the Law of Cosines in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4.H

  • G

    use the Law of Sines in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4.G

  • I

    use vectors to model situations involving magnitude and directionPC4.I

  • J

    represent the addition of vectors and the multiplication of a vector by a scalar geometrically and symbolicallyPC4.J

  • K

    apply vector addition and multiplication of a vector by a scalar in mathematical and real-world problemsPC4.K

Algebraic reasoning

  • PC5.

    The student uses process standards in mathematics to evaluate expressions, describe patterns, formulate models, and solve equations and inequalities using properties, procedures, or algorithmsPC5

  • A

    evaluate finite sums and geometric series, when possible, written in sigma notationPC5.A

  • B

    represent arithmetic sequences and geometric sequences using recursive formulasPC5.B

  • C

    calculate the nth term and the nth partial sum of an arithmetic series in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.C

  • D

    represent arithmetic series and geometric series using sigma notationPC5.D

  • E

    calculate the nth term of a geometric series, the nth partial sum of a geometric series, and sum of an infinite geometric series when it existsPC5.E

  • F

    apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (a + b)n in powers of a and b for a positive integer n, where a and b are any numbersPC5.F

  • G

    use the properties of logarithms to evaluate or transform logarithmic expressionsPC5.G

  • H

    generate and solve logarithmic equations in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.H

  • I

    generate and solve exponential equations in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.I

  • J

    solve polynomial equations with real coefficients by applying a variety of techniques in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.J

  • K

    solve polynomial inequalities with real coefficients by applying a variety of techniques and write the solution set of the polynomial inequality in interval notation in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.K

  • L

    solve rational inequalities with real coefficients by applying a variety of techniques and write the solution set of the rational inequality in interval notation in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.L

  • M

    use trigonometric identities such as reciprocal, quotient, Pythagorean, cofunctions, even/odd, and sum and difference identities for cosine and sine to simplify trigonometric expressionsPC5.M

  • N

    generate and solve trigonometric equations in mathematical and real-world problemsPC5.N

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 11
Where can I read the official document?
Texas Education Agency

Keep exploring

Sibling grade bands, other subjects in this jurisdiction, and the same subject across other states.