Statistics

Mathematical process standards

  • 1.

    The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understandingS.9-12.1

  • (A)

    apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplaceS.9-12.1.A

  • (B)

    use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solutionS.9-12.1.B

  • (C)

    select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problemsS.9-12.1.C

  • (D)

    communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriateS.9-12.1.D

  • (E)

    create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideasS.9-12.1.E

  • (F)

    analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideasS.9-12.1.F

  • (G)

    display, explain, or justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communicationS.9-12.1.G

Statistical process sampling and experimentation

  • 2.

    The student applies mathematical processes to apply understandings about statistical studies, surveys, and experiments to design and conduct a study and use graphical, numerical, and analytical techniques to communicate the results of the studyS.9-12.2

  • (A)

    compare and contrast the benefits of different sampling techniques, including random sampling and convenience sampling methodsS.9-12.2.A

  • (B)

    distinguish among observational studies, surveys, and experimentsS.9-12.2.B

  • (C)

    analyze generalizations made from observational studies, surveys, and experimentsS.9-12.2.C

  • (D)

    distinguish between sample statistics and population parametersS.9-12.2.D

  • (E)

    formulate a meaningful question, determine the data needed to answer the question, gather the appropriate data, analyze the data, and draw reasonable conclusionsS.9-12.2.E

  • (F)

    communicate methods used, analyses conducted, and conclusions drawn for a data-analysis project through the use of one or more of the following: a written report, a visual display, an oral report, or a multi-media presentationS.9-12.2.F

  • (G)

    critically analyze published findings for appropriateness of study design implemented, sampling methods used, or the statistics appliedS.9-12.2.G

Variability

  • 3.

    The student applies the mathematical process standards when describing and modeling variabilityS.9-12.3

  • (A)

    distinguish between mathematical models and statistical modelsS.9-12.3.A

  • (B)

    construct a statistical model to describe variability around the structure of a mathematical model for a given situationS.9-12.3.B

  • (C)

    distinguish among different sources of variability, including measurement, natural, induced, and sampling variabilityS.9-12.3.C

  • (D)

    describe and model variability using population and sampling distributionsS.9-12.3.D

Categorical and quantitative data

  • 4.

    The student applies the mathematical process standards to represent and analyze both categorical and quantitative dataS.9-12.4

  • (A)

    distinguish between categorical and quantitative dataS.9-12.4.A

  • (B)

    represent and summarize data and justify the representationS.9-12.4.B

  • (C)

    analyze the distribution characteristics of quantitative data, including determining the possible existence and impact of outliersS.9-12.4.C

  • (D)

    compare and contrast different graphical or visual representations given the same data setS.9-12.4.D

  • (E)

    compare and contrast meaningful information derived from summary statistics given a data setS.9-12.4.E

  • (F)

    analyze categorical data, including determining marginal and conditional distributions, using two-way tablesS.9-12.4.F

Probability and random variables

  • 5.

    The student applies the mathematical process standards to connect probability and statisticsS.9-12.5

  • (A)

    determine probabilities, including the use of a two-way tableS.9-12.5.A

  • (B)

    describe the relationship between theoretical and empirical probabilities using the Law of Large NumbersS.9-12.5.B

  • (C)

    construct a distribution based on a technology-generated simulation or collected samples for a discrete random variableS.9-12.5.C

  • (D)

    compare statistical measures such as sample mean and standard deviation from a technology-simulated sampling distribution to the theoretical sampling distributionS.9-12.5.D

Inference

  • 6.

    The student applies the mathematical process standards to make inferences and justify conclusions from statistical studiesS.9-12.6

  • (A)

    explain how a sample statistic and a confidence level are used in the construction of a confidence intervalS.9-12.6.A

  • (B)

    explain how changes in the sample size, confidence level, and standard deviation affect the margin of error of a confidence intervalS.9-12.6.B

  • (C)

    calculate a confidence interval for the mean of a normally distributed population with a known standard deviationS.9-12.6.C

  • (D)

    calculate a confidence interval for a population proportionS.9-12.6.D

  • (E)

    interpret confidence intervals for a population parameter, including confidence intervals from media or statistical reportsS.9-12.6.E

  • (F)

    explain how a sample statistic provides evidence against a claim about a population parameter when using a hypothesis testS.9-12.6.F

  • (G)

    construct null and alternative hypothesis statements about a population parameterS.9-12.6.G

  • (H)

    explain the meaning of the p-value in relation to the significance level in providing evidence to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in the context of the situationS.9-12.6.H

  • (I)

    interpret the results of a hypothesis test using technology-generated results such as large sample tests for proportion, mean, difference between two proportions, and difference between two independent meansS.9-12.6.I

  • (J)

    describe the potential impact of Type I and Type II ErrorsS.9-12.6.J

Bivariate data

  • 7.

    The student applies the mathematical process standards to analyze relationships among bivariate quantitative dataS.9-12.7

  • (A)

    analyze scatterplots for patterns, linearity, outliers, and influential pointsS.9-12.7.A

  • (B)

    transform a linear parent function to determine a line of best fitS.9-12.7.B

  • (C)

    compare different linear models for the same set of data to determine best fit, including discussions about errorS.9-12.7.C

  • (D)

    compare different methods for determining best fit, including median-median and absolute valueS.9-12.7.D

  • (E)

    describe the relationship between influential points and lines of best fit using dynamic graphing technologyS.9-12.7.E

  • (F)

    identify and interpret the reasonableness of attributes of lines of best fit within the context, including slope and y-interceptS.9-12.7.F

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12
When were these standards adopted?
2015

Keep exploring

Sibling grade bands, other subjects in this jurisdiction, and the same subject across other states.