Financial Literacy: Grades 9-12 (2026)

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• Grades 9-12: Sociology
• Grades 9-12: World History
• Personal Finance and Money Management (#2102371) (2026-)

Instruction includes the identification of non-income factors and the importance of these factors as compared to potential income.  

Instruction includes the ways that an individual can earn income: full-time employee, part-time employee, self-employment, investment, or passive income. 

Instruction includes how people’s willingness to wait or plan for the future affects their decision to get more education or job training in a dynamic and changing labor market.  

Instruction includes how discounting the future benefits of education and training may lead some people to pass up potentially high rates of return that more education and training may offer.  

Instruction includes comparing the benefits and costs of a college education to those of a technical school. 

Instruction includes comparing the unemployment rates of workers with different levels of education. 

Instruction includes the variance of wages or salaries among workers in different types of jobs and among workers in the same jobs.

Instruction includes the importance of worker productivity to businesses and why a business may decide to pay workers differently depending on their productivity.

Instruction includes discussing how a recession may impact the unemployment rate.

Instruction includes the identification of the governmental agency that receives tax revenue for a specific tax.

Instruction includes the identification of the use of specific tax revenues. 

Instruction includes the major types of taxes: income, payroll, property, and sales tax.

Instruction includes the fundamental difference between interest, dividends, and capital gains. 

Instruction includes tax rates on earned income, interest, and capital gains.

Instruction includes how federal tax brackets illustrate a progressive tax and a sales tax is viewed as a regressive tax and the differences between each type of tax.

Instruction includes types of goods that are subject to sales taxes and those that are exempt. 

Instruction includes evaluating the benefits and costs of entrepreneurship. 

Instruction includes identifying the roles and characteristics of an entrepreneur and that taking on risk is an implicit part of being an entrepreneur.

Instruction includes how owning a small business can be a person’s primary career or can supplement income from other sources.

Instruction includes tax implications of being an entrepreneur such as the self-employment tax.

Instruction includes understanding the motivating factors for being self-employed or working as an independent contractor in the “gig” economy.

Instruction includes the identification of various payroll taxes and withholdings (e.g., Social Security, Medicare, Federal withholding, etc.). 

Within the Financial Literacy course, instruction includes formally (using tax tables) and informally (estimating) calculating taxes. 

Instruction includes understanding that actually calculating taxes and what the Government states may differ. 

Instruction includes understanding that states, counties, and municipalities may have different tax rates and taxes.

Instruction includes understanding that local taxes are dedicated to a particular use, such as schools or local infrastructure projects.

Instruction includes an analysis of the effects that activities such as smoking cigarettes or attending school may have on self, other individuals or the community at large.  

Instruction includes explaining why the consumer should consider a product’s durability and maintenance costs prior to the purchase of goods that last for a longer period of time. 

Instruction includes the different ways retailers express the prices of their products.

Instruction includes the relationship between the amount of information gathered and the benefits and costs of gathering the information.  

Instruction includes the governmental agencies that protect consumers (e.g. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration, Federal Reserve, and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), etc.).  

Instruction includes various forms of payments and associated costs: cash, checks, debit cards, credit cards, mobile payments, prepaid cards, buy now pay later, layaways, and rent to own. 

Instruction includes understanding that while the seller of a good being purchased may not explicitly charge the consumer, the consumer may bear a portion of the fees by paying a higher price.

Instruction includes developing budgets with fixed and variable expenses, unexpected expenses, including emergency funds, and savings.

Instruction includes understanding that budgets can be developed using zero-based budgeting, the 50/30/20 method, the cash envelope method, or other budgeting strategies.

Instruction includes understanding that budgets can be developed using paper, digital spreadsheets, websites or mobile phone applications, or using other financial applications.

Instruction includes common contracts including cell phone plans, leases of apartments or homes, car leases, car purchases and mortgages.

Instruction emphasizes that contracts are legally binding and breaking a contract may have consequences.

Depending on the contract, terms and conditions can/may include, but are not limited to, duration, termination, payment terms, dispute resolution, privacy and sharing of personal information.

Instruction emphasizes that users may be entering into a contract when agreeing to terms and conditions on webpages or applications. 

Instruction includes identifying consumer-advocacy agencies (e.g., Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Better Business Bureau (BBB), Chamber of Commerce, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and Federal Trade Commission (FTC)).  

Instruction includes the functions of each account (checking, savings, money markets, and certificates of deposit (CDs), and the advantages and disadvantages of each.  

Instruction includes credit unions, commercial banks, traditional banks, and online banks.

Instruction includes online banking, minimum balance requirements, monthly fees, overdraft penalties, and interest rates. 

Instruction includes understanding the process for opening and managing a bank account.  

Instruction includes understanding the different components of an account, such as the routing number and the account number. 

Instruction includes understanding that account holders should regularly check the deposits and withdrawals to the accounts to ensure that these transactions were authorized by the account holder, in addition to checking for any fees charged and whether appropriate interest was credited to the account.

Instruction includes understanding that the real interest rate is calculated as the nominal interest rate minus the rate of inflation.

Instruction includes understanding why savers should expect a higher nominal interest rate when inflation is expected to be high.  

Instruction includes understanding the role that government agencies charged with regulating financial institutions play in helping to protect the safety, soundness, and legal compliance of the nation’s banking system. 

Instruction includes the purpose and function of the following agencies: Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), and state banking departments.

Instruction includes understanding how traditional IRAs (individual retirement accounts), Roth IRAs, and educational savings accounts provide incentives for people to save.

Instruction includes understanding the difference when taxes are paid with a traditional IRA versus a Roth IRA.

Instruction includes understanding how taxes on interest reduce the incentive for people to save. 

Instruction includes understanding how matches of retirement savings by employers substantially changes the incentives for employees to save.

Instruction includes understanding why having employees “opt out” of savings programs results in a higher level of saving than having them “opt in” due to the idea of default bias.

Instruction includes the use of APR, initial fees, late fees, nonpayment fees, and other relevant information to compare the cost of credit from various sources for the purchase of a product. 

Instruction includes the motivating factors for a bank offering low-rate introductory credit offers.

Instruction includes explaining why secured loans are viewed as having less risk and why lenders charge a lower interest rate than they charge for unsecured loans. 

Instruction includes how a down payment reduces the total amount financed and why this reduces the monthly payment and/or the length of the loan.

Instruction includes understanding why a borrower who has made a down payment has an incentive to repay a loan or make payments on time.

Instruction includes discussing why people make a down payment and why lenders may consider loans made with a down payment to have less risk. 

Instruction includes understanding that credit bureaus record borrowers’ credit and payment histories and provide that information to lenders in credit reports.

Instruction includes understanding the concept of a credit score and what it indicates about a borrower.  

Instruction includes identifying the costs and benefits associated with using different credit counseling services.

Instruction includes understanding the impact of filing for bankruptcy on an individual’s credit report. 

Instruction includes understanding factors related to mortgage lending: down payment, fixed vs. variable rates, and insurance requirements.

Instruction includes understanding lending laws: provision of full disclosure of credit terms, discriminatory lending practices, abusive marketing practices, and debt collection. 

Instruction includes understanding why it is important to check the accuracy of the information recorded on a credit report and knowing what steps to take to correct errors on credit reports. 

Instruction includes understanding that credit report errors may increase the cost of credit.

Instruction includes understanding the process and importance of completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). 

Instruction includes identifying scholarships and grants for which an individual student may be eligible. 

Instruction includes understanding that while credit cards are useful for making purchases, interest rates on credit card loans are generally higher than other types of loans and may also have additional fees. 

Instruction includes understanding that credit card interest rates are higher for people who are considered to have a higher risk of nonpayment as determined by their credit scores.

Instruction includes the different aspects of a loan application, which include its basic requirements, limits, and credit check.

Instruction includes understanding the typical choices made on a car loan such as amount of down payment, interest rate, term of loan, and monthly payment.  

Instruction includes understanding Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) loans, private student loans, direct subsidized loans, and direct unsubsidized loans. 

Instruction includes understanding that each investment has its own risk and the consumer must decide whether the risk is worth the reward by leveraging historical data. 

Instruction includes discussing tax implications of each.

Instruction includes understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each investment, including any fees that may be associated with each investment type.  

Instruction includes understanding the after-tax rate of return of an investment. 

Instruction includes discussing costs and fees associated with investments. These costs and fees may include management fees, commissions, and annual expense ratios.

Instruction includes understanding that an investment with greater risk than another investment may have a lower market price, and therefore a higher rate of return, than the other investment.

Instruction includes understanding why a financial advisor might encourage a client to include stocks, bonds, and real estate assets in his or her portfolio. 

Instruction includes how prices of financial investments can adjust when given specific news about a company’s or industry’s future profitability.  

Instruction includes understanding how a change in economic growth might change the value of a stock held by an investor. 

Instruction includes understanding how the portfolio of a retiree might differ from that of a young, single person.

Instruction includes understanding why it is important for individuals to have accurate information about a company’s sales and profits when investing in that company.  

Instruction includes understanding that each account that holds an investment has its own risk and the consumer must decide whether the risk is worth the reward.

Instruction includes analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each account that holds an investment.  

Instruction includes various investment applications (mobile applications) that hold the account that holds the investment.

Instruction includes understanding the dollar price of a digital currency can be very volatile as it depends on the digital currency’s supply and demand.

Instruction includes understanding that a digital currency is a digital asset secured by cryptography and recorded on a block chain that may be used to send or receive payments on the internet. 

Instruction includes reasons for the use of digital currency: financial privacy concerns, international payments, the ability to execute smart contracts, and speculation.

Instruction includes self-insurance and the practice of having an emergency fund. 

Instruction includes the potential effects upon premium costs if in possession of an emergency fund.  

Instruction includes understanding that insurance companies allow the risk of loss to be spread amongst all policyholders.  

Instruction includes understanding how an extended warranty on a consumer product is a type of supplemental insurance. 

Instruction includes understanding why homeowners insurance is required by a lender when a homeowner takes out a mortgage.

Instruction includes understanding that having insurance may result in the policyholder taking more risks. 

Instruction includes understanding that deductibles and copayments are cost-sharing features that encourage the policyholder to take steps to reduce the potential size of an insurance claim. 

Instruction includes factors that potentially lower insurance rates such as taking a safe-driving course to lower auto insurance cost or lower health insurance premiums for non-smokers.  

Instruction includes understanding multiple types of insurance: health, disability, long-term care, travel, auto, renter, life, homeowner, and property and casualty.

Instruction includes comparing the coverage and costs of hypothetical plans for a set of scenarios utilizing various types of insurance.

Instruction includes understanding that workers compensation is a government-mandated program that provides benefits to workers that become injured or ill on a job or as a result of the job. 

Instruction includes describing problems that can occur when an individual is a victim of identity theft.

Instruction includes giving specific examples of how online transactions, online banking, email scams, and telemarketing calls can make consumers vulnerable to identity theft.

Instruction includes describing the conditions under which individuals should and should not disclose their Social Security number, account numbers, or other sensitive personal information.  

Instruction includes recommending actions a victim of identity theft should take to limit losses and restore personal security.

Instruction includes understanding that employers may check a prospective employee’s digital footprint as part of the hiring process. 

Instruction includes estate planning: preparing wills and living wills, power of attorney documents and trusts, and estate tax planning for larger estates.

Instruction includes discussing the difference between trusts and wills. 

Instruction includes understanding that an inheritance is money or assets a person has been bequeathed when someone passes.

Instruction includes creating a detailed plan for the use of an inheritance.

Instruction includes understanding the implications, which include taxes for increased income.

Instruction includes state and federal laws concerning personal finance.

Instruction includes state and federal agencies concerning personal finance.